Phosphates in the Air-dried Residues of Water or Dilute Acid Extracts from Compost

Poster Sessio

A posteriori error estimates for discontinuous Galerkin Methods for the Generalised Korteweg-de Vries Equation

We construct, analyze and numerically validate a posteriori error estimates for conservative discontinuous Galerkin (DG) schemes for the Generalized Korteweg-de Vries (GKdV) equation. We develop the concept of dispersive reconstruction, i.e., a piecewise polynomial function which satisfies the GKdV equation in the strong sense but with a computable forcing term enabling the use of a priori error estimation techniques to obtain computable upper bounds for the error. Both semidiscrete and fully discrete approximations are treated

White Patchy Materials Formed in a Scoriacious Road-cut Profile on Miyake Island(Plant Production Science Soil Science)

Sulfurous gas, sulfur or sulfates are frequently contained in volcanic ejecta. We found white patchy materials (WPM) in a road-cut profile on Miyake Island, Japan. The layer containing WPM consists of scoria deposit in 1874. The major materials we identified in the WPM were CaSO_4・2H_2O and amorphous silica according to X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray analyses. A possible process for crystallization of CaSO_4・2H_2O in the WPM is the dissolution of CaSO_4・2H_2O contained in the overlying 2000 ash and its re-precipitation on the surface of the scoriacious road-cut profile. Emission of sulfur dioxide gas, converted to sulfuric acid in water, has been so abundant since the 2000 eruption that we further examined reaction products between crushed scoria and dilute H_2SO_4 (0.1-2.5mol L^). CaSO_4・2H_2O was also identified in the reaction products as well as alunogen, iron sulfate, etc. Because alunogen is highly soluble in water, CaSO_4・2H_2O was the major crystalline product after rinsing with water

Antidepressant-Like Activity of 10-Hydroxy-Trans-2-Decenoic Acid, a Unique Unsaturated Fatty Acid of Royal Jelly, in Stress-Inducible Depression-Like Mouse Model

Symptoms of depression and anxiety appeared in mice after they had been subjected to a combination of forced swimming for 15 min followed by being kept in cages that were sequentially subjected to leaning, drenching, and rotation within 1-2 days for a total of 3 weeks. The animals were then evaluated by the tail-suspension test, elevated plus-maze test, and open-field test at 1 day after the end of stress exposure. Using these experimental systems, we found that 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid (HDEA), an unsaturated fatty acid unique to royal jelly (RJ), protected against the depression and anxiety when intraperitoneally administered once a day for 3 weeks simultaneously with the stress loading. Intraperitoneally administered RJ, a rich source of HDEA, was also protective against the depression, but RJ given by the oral route was less effective. Our present results demonstrate that HDEA and RJ, a natural source of it, were effective in ameliorating the stress-inducible symptoms of depression and anxiety

Factorial Validity and Invariance of the 7-Item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) Among Populations With and Without Self-Reported Psychiatric Diagnostic Status

The 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) is commonly used to monitor anxiety symptoms. However, its factor structure has been inconsistent among competing models: unidimensional, two-dimensional, or higher order models. Additionally, it is unknown whether the scale has measurement invariance between populations with and without self-reported psychiatric diagnostic status. Participants were Japanese adults with self-reported anxiety disorder (AD; n = 479), self-reported AD and major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 314), or without self-reported psychiatric diagnostic status (self-reported non-MDD/AD; n = 654), who completed this questionnaire on the Internet. Confirmatory factor analyses showed the higher order model had similar fit indices to the unidimensional and two-dimensional factor models. For the higher order model of GAD-7, metric invariance was supported between the self-reported non-MDD/AD and self-reported AD status groups, and scalar invariance was supported between the self-reported AD status and self-reported AD with MDD status groups. Moreover, convergent and discriminant validity were consistent with previous findings in Western cultures. These results suggest that factor loadings are equivalent and the construct has the same meaning between the self-reported non-MDD/AD and self-reported AD status groups, and the total or sub-scale scores were comparable between self-reported AD status and self-reported AD with MDD status groups. The major limitation of this study is that the participants’ diagnoses were self-reported, not confirmed by clinical structured interview. Further studies that incorporate clinical structured interviews are needed

Isolation and characterization of a novel jumbo phage from leaf litter compost and its suppressive effect on rice seedling rot diseases.

Jumbo phages have DNA genomes larger than 200 kbp in large virions composed of an icosahedral head, tail, and other adsorption structures, and they are known to be abundant biological substances in nature. In this study, phages in leaf litter compost were screened for their potential to suppress rice seedling rot disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia glumae, and a novel phage was identified in a filtrate-enriched suspension of leaf litter compost. The phage particles consisted of a rigid tailed icosahedral head and contained a DNA genome of 227,105 bp. The phage could lyse five strains of B. glumae and six strains of Burkholderia plantarii. The phage was named jumbo Burkholderia phage FLC6. Proteomic tree analysis revealed that phage FLC6 belongs to the same clade as two jumbo Ralstonia phages, namely RSF1 and RSL2, which are members of the genus Chiangmaivirus (family: Myoviridae; order: Caudovirales). Interestingly, FLC6 could also lyse two strains of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, suggesting that FLC6 has a broad host range that may make it especially advantageous as a bio-control agent for several bacterial diseases in economically important crops. The novel jumbo phage FLC6 may enable leaf litter compost to suppress several bacterial diseases and may itself be useful for controlling plant diseases in crop cultivation