Effects of heat treatment on human hair keratin film

5ArticleJOURNAL OF JAPANESE COSMETIC SCIENCE SOCIETY. 37(3):165-170 (2013)journal articl

Nutritional Intakes of Obese Elementary School Children Residing in the Shimokita Peninsula of Aomori, Japan

This research examined the lifestyles and eating habits of 42 elementary school fifth graders(20 boys and 22 girls) over a 3-day period; these children resided in theShimokita Peninsula, Aomori prefecture, which has the highest childhood obesityrate in Japan. The children’s nutritionalintakes were recorded via questionnaires and self-documented meal recorddiaries overa 3-day period (1 weekday and the weekend). The meal record diaries recorded which meals the children ate (including snacks) during the 3-day period. A regular feature of these children’s lifestyle was theviewing of at least 3 hours of television per day. Compared with the National Health and Nutrition Survey conductedby the Japanese government, the nutritionaland energy intake levels were the same but when we examined food group intakes,the vegetable intake was lower on weekends in comparison to the weekdays whenthe children were provided school lunches. In addition, salt intake exceededthe recommended standard in more than 80% of the study sample. We suggest thatthe pattern of reduced vegetable intake juxtaposed with high salt intake stemsfrom childhood and is repeated and passed down through generations; therefore, theguardians of these children require nutritional guidance and education

中学生の円滑なコミュニケーションを促す授業実践 : 自己理解と自己表現に着目して

コミュニケーション能力は，社会において他者と関わる上で必要な基礎的能力と位置づけられ，その育成への取り組みが求められている。本稿では，中学校１年生を対象とし，生徒に自己を多面的に捉え表現することを促す授業実践について報告する。また，同授業実践における自己の捉えの推移を分析したところ，自己への捉えを見直したり，自己を表現することの良さに気付いたりする機会となること，他者理解においても有効であることを示す

Student tendencies in communication : self-efficacy in schoolwork

社会において様々な集団に属している私たちにとって，コミュニケーションは必要不可欠である。本研究では，生徒の学業における自己効力感と学校生活でのコミュニケーション傾向の関係を明らかにすることを目的とした。その結果，自己主張に消極的な生徒は，攻撃的な生徒よりも学業における自己効力感が低いなど，学業における自己効力感とコミュニケーション傾向との関連が示された。Communication skills are necessary because humans belong to many different social 'groups'. The focus of this study was students’ self-efficacy with respect to schoolwork. This study aimed to investigate differences in communication tendencies at school with respect to students’ self-efficacy in schoolwork. It was found that self-efficacy in schoolwork and communication are to some extent related. For example, non-assertive students (failing to express one’s honest feelings) had lower self-efficacy related to approval of their schoolwork than aggressive students (forceful type of argumentation)

Relationship between Conformity Behavior and Communication Style: Analysis of Assertive Behavior in Junior High School Students

本研究では，仲間への同調のしやすさと，日常的なコミュニケーション傾向にどのような関連があるかを検討した。中学１・２年生の生徒159名を対象に，内面的同調と表面的同調のしやすさを，質問紙によって測定した。また，場面想定法を用い，学校生活で起こりやすい一対一でのコミュニケーション場面において，普段どのような言動をとっているかを記述させる質問紙調査を実施した。その結果，自分の考えや意見を言うことに消極的な非主張型の生徒は，強い自己主張をする攻撃型の生徒に比べ，同調しやすいことがわかった。また，性別による違いもみられた。特に女子において，非主張型の生徒は，攻撃型の生徒や，アサーティブな主張ができる生徒より，表面的な同調行動が多い傾向があった。このような生徒は，友人に配慮しようとし，自分の主張を抑制していると考えられる。This study investigated the relationships between conformity behavior and daily communication style. In total, 159 junior high school students participated in the investigation. Their internal conformity tendencies and external conformity tendency were measured by a conformity behavior scale. We examined participants’ communication styles using hypothetical situations. Participants were presented with three daily communication situations and asked what they would usually say. The results showed that students with a non-assertive communication style were more likely to conform to others than those who have an aggressive communication style. Especially, non-assertive female students tend to conform externally more than aggressive or assertive female students. This type of student might inhibit self-assertion to concern their friends

Consideration of Student’s Self-Understanding Using Egograms : From the Perspective of Changes in Assertive Behavior

本研究は，小学校６年生の児童の自己理解や対人コミュニケーション傾向に着目し，次の３点について検討した。第１に，エゴグラムを用いて児童の特徴を把握するともに，自己理解を促す働きかけを行った。第２に，児童の対人行動の特徴，特にアサーティブネスを測定し，エゴグラムとの関連を検討した。第３に，アサーティブネスに関する介入授業を実施し，行動変容が生じるかを検討した。 エゴグラムは，児童が興味を示しやすく，自己理解を深めるために有用なツールであると考えられた。アサーティブネスとの関連については，アサーティブな行動をとる児童はNPの得点が比較的高く，非主張型の児童はAの得点が比較的高かった。攻撃型の児童の中でも特に攻撃的な言動をとりやすい児童には，AおよびCPの得点が他より高い傾向があった。しかし，介入授業を行うことによって，攻撃型の児童の数は，有意ではないものの，減少した。This study investigated the self-understanding and communication style of sixth-grade students, focusing on three points. First, we used egograms to understand students’ personalities and promote their self-understanding. Second, we measured students’ assertiveness and investigated the relationship between assertive behavior and students’ egogram patterns. Third, changes in assertive behavior by intervention intended to promote reflection on one’s communication style were examined. The egogram is a potentially effective tool for increasing students’ self-understanding because the students were highly interested in egograms. Assertive students tend to score highly in the NP of egograms. Non-assertive students tend to get high scores in A. Especially aggressive students tend to get high scores in CP and A. Our intervention decreased the aggressiveness of the students who chose an aggressive style of communication

Functional Expression of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Human Differentiated Epidermis and Its Regulation by Cytokines

Although heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is induced in keratinocytes after UV radiation, HO-1 expression during normal epidermal differentiation has not yet been reported. We showed by real-time PCR, western blotting, and ELISA that HO-1 mRNA and protein expression by cultured normal human keratinocytes was upregulated during epidermal differentiation induced by a high-calcium medium. Immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization showed the graduated expression of HO-1 in the upper epidermis, which was accompanied by suprabasal HO-1 mRNA expression, and the accumulation of bilirubin (BR) in the stratum corneum. We examined the activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which is a pivotal transcription factor for HO-1 expression, by western blotting and by examining the mRNA expression of Nrf2 target genes, and excluded its role in HO-1 expression in epidermal differentiation. Next, we examined the regulation of HO-1 expression by inflammatory cytokines. IL-4 and IL-22 significantly reduced HO-1 mRNA and protein expression, whereas IL-1β, IL-17A, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increased it. Finally, immunohistochemical studies on psoriatic lesional skin showed that HO-1 expression was downregulated in the parakeratotic epidermis, whereas it was retained in the orthokeratotic epidermis. These studies demonstrate that HO-1 is functionally expressed by keratinocytes in parallel with epidermal differentiation and that its expression is independently affected by several cytokines

社会経済的地位と消化器がんの関係について : 症例対照研究

Although socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with cancer risk, little research on this association has been done in Japan. To evaluate the association between SES and digestive tract cancer risk, we conducted a case-control study for head and neck, esophageal, stomach, and colorectal cancers in 3188 cases and the same number of age- and sex-matched controls within the framework of the Hospital-based Epidemiological Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center III (HERPACC III). We employed the education level and areal deprivation index (ADI) as SES indicators. The association was evaluated with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by conditional logistic models adjusted for potential confounders. Even after allowance for known cancer risk factors, the education level showed linear inverse associations with head and neck, stomach, and colorectal cancers. Compared to those educated to junior high school, those with higher education showed statistically significantly lower risks of cancer (0.43 (95% CI: 0.27–0.68) for head and neck, 0.52(0.38–0.69) for stomach, and 0.52(0.38–0.71) for colorectum). Consistent with these results for the educational level, the ADI in quintiles showed positive associations with head and neck, esophageal, and stomach cancers (p-trend: p = 0.035 for head and neck, p = 0.02 for esophagus, and p = 0.013 for stomach). Interestingly, the positive association between ADI and stomach cancer risk disappeared in the additional adjustment for Helicobacter pylori infection and/or atrophic gastritis status. In conclusion, a lower SES was associated with an increased risk of digestive cancers in Japan and should be considered in cancer prevention policies for the target population.An association between socioeconomic status (SES) and cancer risk has been reported, but little is known in Asia. We revealed an association between SES, including education level and areal deprivation index (ADI), and digestive tract cancers in Japan. Lower SES was associated with an increased risk of digestive cancers. For stomach cancer, the positive association with ADI disappeared following an additional adjustment of Helicobacter pylori infection and/or atrophic gastritis status. Cancer prevention policy should consider both individual and regional perspectives by the integration of SES in the target population

Nutritional Intakes of Obese Elementary School Children Residing in the Shimokita Peninsula of Aomori, Japan

This researchexamined the lifestyles and eating habits of 42 elementary school fifth graders(20 boys and 22 girls) over a 3-day period; these children resided in theShimokita Peninsula, Aomori prefecture, which has the highest childhood obesityrate in Japan. The childrens nutritionalintakes were recorded via questionnaires and self-documented meal recorddiaries overa 3-day period (1 weekday and the weekend). The meal record diaries recorded which meals the children ate (including snacks) during the 3-day period. A regular feature of these childrens lifestyle was theviewing of at least 3 hours of television per day. Compared with the National Health and Nutrition Survey conductedby the Japanese government, the nutritionaland energy intake levels were the same but when we examined food group intakes,the vegetable intake was lower on weekends in comparison to the weekdays whenthe children were provided school lunches. In addition, salt intake exceededthe recommended standard in more than 80% of the study sample. We suggest thatthe pattern of reduced vegetable intake juxtaposed with high salt intake stemsfrom childhood and is repeated and passed down through generations; therefore, theguardians of these children require nutritional guidance and education

Expression patterns of class I KNOX and YABBY genes in Ruscus aculeatus (Asparagaceae) with implications for phylloclade homology

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科生物多様性動態学金沢大学理学部STM (RaSTM) and YAB2 (RaYAB2) homologues were isolated from Ruscus aculeatus (Asparagaceae, monocots), and their expressions were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assess hypotheses on the evolutionary origin of the phylloclade in the Asparagaceae. In young shoot buds, RaSTM is expressed in the shoot apex, while RaYAB2 is expressed in the scale leaf subtending the shoot bud. This expression pattern is shared by other angiosperms, suggesting that the expression patterns of RaSTM and RaYAB2 are useful as molecular markers to identify the shoot and leaf, respectively. RaSTM and RaYAB2 are expressed concomitantly in phylloclade primordia. These results suggest that the phylloclade is not homologous to either the shoot or leaf, but that it has a double organ identity. © Springer-Verlag 2007