L’Unesco et la formation à la maîtrise de l’information

L’Unesco soutient fortement la construction des sociétés du savoir dans lesquelles l’information et la communication aident les populations à accéder au savoir dont elles ont besoin pour améliorer leur vie quotidienne et réaliser pleinement leurs possibilités. Le concept de la formation à la maîtrise de l’information est de plus en plus considéré comme crucial et important pour permettre aux populations de faire face au défi du bon usage de l’information à laquelle elles accèdent par le biais..

Analytical Method of Active Ingredient in Glue-Line-Treated Plywood

A rather efficient method for quantitative analysis of the active ingredient in a glue-line-treated plywood was found by using formic acid and toluene in combination as the extraction solvents. A recovery rate of more than 95% was achieved

Histone deacetylase 2–mediated deacetylation of the glucocorticoid receptor enables NF-κB suppression

Glucocorticoids are the most effective antiinflammatory agents for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases even though some diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are relatively glucocorticoid insensitive. However, the molecular mechanism of this glucocorticoid insensitivity remains uncertain. We show that a defect of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) deacetylation caused by impaired histone deacetylase (HDAC) 2 induces glucocorticoid insensitivity toward nuclear factor (NF)-κB–mediated gene expression. Specific knockdown of HDAC2 by RNA interference resulted in reduced sensitivity to dexamethasone suppression of interleukin 1β–induced granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor production. Loss of HDAC2 did not reduce GR nuclear translocation, GR binding to glucocorticoid response element (GRE) on DNA, or GR-induced DNA or gene induction but inhibited the association between GR and NF-κB. GR becomes acetylated after ligand binding, and HDAC2-mediated GR deacetylation enables GR binding to the NF-κB complex. Site-directed mutagenesis of K494 and K495 reduced GR acetylation, and the ability to repress NF-κB–dependent gene expression becomes insensitive to histone deacetylase inhibition. In conclusion, we show that overexpression of HDAC2 in glucocorticoid-insensitive alveolar macrophages from patients with COPD is able to restore glucocorticoid sensitivity. Thus, reduction of HDAC2 plays a critical role in glucocorticoid insensitivity in repressing NF-κB–mediated, but not GRE-mediated, gene expression

Random Walk or A Run: Market Microstructure Analysis of the Foreign Exchange Rate Movements based on Conditional Probability

Using tick-by-tick data of the dollar-yen and euro-dollar exchange rates recorded in the actual transaction platform, a "run" -- continuous increases or decreases in deal prices for the past several ticks -- does have some predictable information on the direction of the next price movement. Deal price movements, that are consistent with order flows, tend to continue a run once it started i.e., conditional probability of deal prices tend to move in the same direction as the last several times in a row is higher than 0.5. However, quote prices do not show such tendency of a run. Hence, a random walk hypothesis is refuted in a simple test of a run using the tick by tick data. In addition, a longer continuous increase of the price tends to be followed by larger reversal. The findings suggest that those market participants who have access to real-time, tick-by-tick transaction data may have an advantage in predicting the exchange rate movement. Findings here also lend support to the momentum trading strategy.

The K2-ESPRINT Project III: A Close-in Super-Earth around a Metal-rich Mid-M Dwarf

We validate a $R_p=2.32\pm 0.24R_\oplus$ planet on a close-in orbit ($P=2.260455\pm 0.000041$ days) around K2-28 (EPIC 206318379), a metal-rich M4-type dwarf in the Campaign 3 field of the K2 mission. Our follow-up observations included multi-band transit observations from the optical to the near infrared, low-resolution spectroscopy, and high-resolution adaptive-optics (AO) imaging. We perform a global fit to all the observed transits using a Gaussian process-based method and show that the transit depths in all passbands adopted for the ground-based transit follow-ups ($r'_2, z_\mathrm{s,2}, J, H, K_\mathrm{s}$) are within $\sim 2\sigma$ of the K2 value. Based on a model of the background stellar population and the absence of nearby sources in our AO imaging, we estimate the probability that a background eclipsing binary could cause a false positive to be $< 2\times 10^{-5}$. We also show that K2-28 cannot have a physically associated companion of stellar type later than M4, based on the measurement of almost identical transit depths in multiple passbands. There is a low probability for a M4 dwarf companion ($\approx 0.072_{-0.04}^{+0.02}$), but even if this were the case, the size of K2-28b falls within the planetary regime. K2-28b has the same radius (within $1\sigma$) and experiences a similar irradiation from its host star as the well-studied GJ~1214b. Given the relative brightness of K2-28 in the near infrared ($m_\mathrm{Kep}=14.85$ mag and $m_H=11.03$ mag) and relatively deep transit ($0.6-0.7\%$), a comparison between the atmospheric properties of these two planets with future observations would be especially interesting.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, accepted to Ap

Estudo dos doenças sexualmente transmissíveis no município de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil: III. A prevalência da gonorréia em 1976-1977

This study of the prevalence of gonorrhea in Londrina, Paraná shows - from data obtained from four of the city's major laboratories - that 1993 out of every 100,000 people are infected with gonorrhea. Analysis of public health services found them inadequate for control of this and other venereal diseases.Estudou-se o problema das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis a nível local, a partir de informações colhidas em 4 grandes laboratórios da cidade. Estimou-se que a prevalência de gonorréia, para um ano compreendido entre 1976 e 1977, foi de 1993,0 casos por 100.000 habitantes, valores esses dezenas de vezes maior àqueles apresentados pelas estatísticas oficiais. Analisando os serviços existentes, concluiu-se que no município não existem condições atuais para um adequado controle da doença

Novel Mouse Xenograft Models Reveal a Critical Role of CD4+ T Cells in the Proliferation of EBV-Infected T and NK Cells

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a ubiquitous B-lymphotropic herpesvirus, ectopically infects T or NK cells to cause severe diseases of unknown pathogenesis, including chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) and EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH). We developed xenograft models of CAEBV and EBV-HLH by transplanting patients' PBMC to immunodeficient mice of the NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγnull strain. In these models, EBV-infected T, NK, or B cells proliferated systemically and reproduced histological characteristics of the two diseases. Analysis of the TCR repertoire expression revealed that identical predominant EBV-infected T-cell clones proliferated in patients and corresponding mice transplanted with their PBMC. Expression of the EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1), the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), and LMP2, but not EBNA2, in the engrafted cells is consistent with the latency II program of EBV gene expression known in CAEBV. High levels of human cytokines, including IL-8, IFN-γ, and RANTES, were detected in the peripheral blood of the model mice, mirroring hypercytokinemia characteristic to both CAEBV and EBV-HLH. Transplantation of individual immunophenotypic subsets isolated from patients' PBMC as well as that of various combinations of these subsets revealed a critical role of CD4+ T cells in the engraftment of EBV-infected T and NK cells. In accordance with this finding, in vivo depletion of CD4+ T cells by the administration of the OKT4 antibody following transplantation of PBMC prevented the engraftment of EBV-infected T and NK cells. This is the first report of animal models of CAEBV and EBV-HLH that are expected to be useful tools in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of the diseases

ジェンダー シテン カラ ミタ ノウギョウ トウケイ サイコウ ソノ2

Continuing from the previous paper, this paper seeks to focus on and examine agriculture statistics developed through a contract from the Statistics and Information Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (MAFF) from the viewpoint of women and gender. The authors pointed out the following four issues that should be resolved because these four issues are necessary for statistical analysis, especially when analyzing gender statistics. (1) The data must be classifiable by gender symmetry in all items. (2) The questionnaire must be distributed in a report. (3) The terms used must have a theoretical basis. (4) The primary statistical data should be easily accessible