Spectrum of hysterosalpingographic findings among women presenting with infertility in Abuja, Nigeria’s capital

 Background: Hysterosalpingography HSG provides the outline of the endometrial canal and fallopian tubes and is an invaluable imaging modality in the investigative management of infertility especially in resource challenged environments. The objective of the study was to review the hysterosalpingographic (HSG) findings in women investigated for infertility in Abuja, Nigeria’s capital.Methods: This is a descriptive review of retrospective radiologic reports of 219 patients who underwent HSG as part of infertility investigation over a three-year period (2013-2015) in University of Abuja teaching Hospital.Results: A total of 219 reports were reviewed with age range of 20-53years (mean 33.9 ±5.7 2SD) years. Majority were between the ages of 26-37 years (n=102, 33.6%). Secondary infertility was the indication in 172 (78.5%) and primary infertility in 47 (21.5%). Majority of the women (n=149, 68%) had hysterosalpingographic abnormalities with Tuboperitoneal pathology as the prevalent finding in 112 (75.2%) of the cases either as a single pathology or coexisting with intrauterine abnormality. The most common endometrial cavity abnormality was uterine Fibroid seen in 53, (35.6%) women.Conclusions: Hysterosalpingography remains very important in the investigation of infertility in our center with tuboperitoneal pathology as the major contributor to female infertility

Atherosclerosis of cavernosal arteries as a cause of erectile dysfunction in an adult: our findings on triplex doppler sonography

A sixty year old man presented to our health facility with a year history of severe erectile dysfunction (International Index of Erectile Function Score of 5 (IIEF-5)). He was also a known hypertensive and currently being managed for hypertensive heart disease by the Cardiologist. Colour Doppler interrogation of the Cavernosal Arteries showed multiple areas of narrowing in both arteries, giving beaded appearance. The peak systolic velocities of the arteries were less than 25cm/s, and there was persistent diastolic flow in the entire spectral recordings, prompting the diagnosis of arteriogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) secondary to atherosclerosis of the cavernosal arteries. He had medical treatment with PGE5-I, and intracavernosal injection of prostaglandin E1 (Caverjet), but all to no avail. He was counselled for penile implant and he is favourably disposed to that but largely being limited by funds

Hyperostosis frontalis interna, an incidentaloma on skull computed tomograms in a Sub-Saharan African tertiary hospital

Background: Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) is bony accretion of the inner table of the frontal calvarium. It is an incidental, asymptomatic and benign lesion seen mostly in postmenopausal females.Aims: To determine the epidemiology of hyperostosis frontalis interna in Uyo using computed tomograms of the skull.Methodology: Retrospective study of patients who underwent skull computed tomograms (CT) in University of Uyo teaching hospital (UUTH), Uyo, Nigeria from 13th November, 2013 to 31st May, 2019 was done. Data were acquired from archived medical records in Radiology Department and analyzed for thickening of the inner table of the frontal calvarium. Analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS ) version 13.0 Results: 587 skull CT were studied with age range of 6months to 86 years. Males were predominant with 341 males and 246 females, giving a male to female ratio of 1.39 : 1. 3.41% (n-20) of the studied population had hyperostosis frontalis interna. They were all females with age of onset at 5th decade and peaking at 8th decade of life. 6.25% of female patients aged 50-59 had HFI, 16.67% of females aged 60-69 had HFI, 36.36% of femalesaged 70-79 had HFI. While 50.00% of females aged 80-89 years had HFI. 60.00% and 20.00% of cases characterized had type A and B HFI  respectively.Conclusion: Hyperostosis frontalis interna in Uyo is age and gender related, being restricted to females above 50years of life. &nbsp

Cranial computed tomography assessment of HIV/AIDS patients with neurological features

Background: HIV/ AIDS patients do have variable neurological manifestation of the disease that will require neuro-imaging for proper evaluation. Computed tomography is one of the neuro-imaging techniques that can be used for diagnostic work up of patients with neurological symptoms and signs.Objective: To determine the spectrum of cranial computed tomographic findings in HIV/AIDS patients with neurological signs and symptoms and correlate with CD4 count.Methodology: This is a retrospective analysis of 43 HIV/AIDS patients who presented with neurological signs and symptoms and had cranial computed tomography from December 2014 to June 2018 (43 months).Results: The mean age of subjects studied was 29±17 years with age range of 21-47 years. There were 27 males and 16 females with male to female ratio 1.7:1. Nineteen (44.2%) patients presented with one neurological sign and twenty-four (55.8%) presented with more than one neurological sign. Thirty-six (83.7%) of patients had abnormal CT findings. Cranial computed tomographic findings were cerebral infracts (27.9%), cerebral mass (18.6%), cerebral atrophy (16.3%), haemorrhage (7%). Others were meningeal enhancement (4.7%), brain oedema (4.7%) and white matter lesion (4.7%). Cerebral mass was the most common CT findings in patient with CD4 count less than 200cells/mm3. In subjects with CD4 count of 200-499 cells/mm3 and greater than 500cells/mm3, cerebral infracts and atrophy were the commonest CT findings respectively. There was statistically significant association between CD4 counts and abnormal CT findings in relation to cerebral infract and atrophy (cerebral infarcts, p=0.02 and cerebral atrophy p=0.02).Conclusion: Cerebral infracts was the commonest CT findings in this study. CT plays an important role in evaluation of HIV/AIDS patient with neurological features. CT scan should be a routine investigation in HIV/AIDS patients with low CD4 count presenting with neurological signs and symptoms in view of the abnormalities seen in them from our study.Keywords: Cranial findings, computed tomographic, HIV/AIDS, CD4 coun

Determination of a normogram for testicular volume measured by ultrasonography in a normal population boys in Abuja

Background: Reference values are necessary in clinical practice in order to correctly evaluate testicular volume and detect disorders.Aim: To determine the normogram for testicular volume measured by ultrasound in normal boys aged 1-18years.Methodology: This was a cross sectional prospective study conducted over a period of twelve months on 400 normal boys aged 1-18years who were attending outpatient care at paediatric department of University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja. Those who met the inclusion criteria had a testicular scan in the department of radiology. Both testes were scanned using a high resolution 7.5 MHz linear transducer. The length, width, depth were determined and the testicular volume was calculated using the empiric formula of Lambert: length x width x height x 0.71. Ethical clearance was obtained from University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Research and Ethical Committee.Results: The mean age, height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were 6.96±4.67years, 1.18±0.29m, 24.79±14.76kg and 15.82±2.63kg/m2. The mean testicular volume in the study population was 1.93±3.31ml. The right and left mean testicular volume were 2.27±+3.66ml and 2.23±3.61ml, respectively. Testicular volume correlated positively with age, height weight and BMI.Conclusion: Normative values of testicular volume in boy’s age 1-18years using ultrasound have been established. Age, weight and BMI have a significant effect on testicular volume.Keywords: Age, Androgen, Body mass index, Height, Length, Testicle, Weigh