Comparison of the Efficacy of Eleven Soil Termiticides on the Formosan Subterranean Termite (Coptotermes formosanus)

Using the tunneling test, the standard test method recommended by the JWPA ( JWPS-TS-S), the minimum effective concentrations of 11 chemicals, known as major soil termiticides in Japan, were determined. Addition of the emulsifying agent, Tween 80, to the low water solubility chemicals among the termiticides yielded a 2- to 8-fold increase in their termiticidal efficacies. In contrast, addition of Tween 80 to the high water solubility chemicals produced no such enhancement of their termiticidal efficacies. In the confined test, in the case of the repellent-type chemicals of the 11 chemicals, all the test termites (10 workers and 2 soldiers) became intoxicated or paralyzed and moribund within one hour of exposure to the minimum concentration fulfilling the criteria of the JWPA standard test method. In the case of non-repellent type chemicals, all the workers became moribund within 2 hours of exposure to the minimum concentrations fulfilling the criteria of the standard test method; in contrast, it took 4 – 24 hours before the soldier termites became moribund

Effect of Norharmane in vitro on Juvenile Hormone Epoxide Hydrolase Activity in the Lower Termite, Reticulitermes speratus

The aromatic β-carboline norharmane was determined in workers, nymphs, and ergatoids of Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Norharmane levels in workers, nymphs, and ergatoids collected in May (∼4.3 ng/termite) were higher than those in November (∼0.2 ng/termite). Fluorescence of norharmane was observed in histological sections in whole animals and in the fat body. Norharmane, at a final concentration of 1 mM, stimulated juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) activity of enzyme extract from ergatoids, but inhibited JHEH activity at higher concentrations. The elevated JHEH activity stimulated by norharmane should accelerate juvenile hormone metabolism in R. speratus

Short Report: Herpes-Like DNA Sequences in African-Endemic and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Associated Kaposi\u27s Sarcoma

Recently, the unique nucleic acid closely related to the herpes-like sequences has been found in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated Kaposi\u27s sarcoma (KS). We have confirmed the presence of herpes-like DNA sequences in six cases of AIDS-associated KS and three of the nine cases of African-endemic KS in adults, but not in eight cases of KS in children from the same area. These sequences were seen in a histologically early stage of KS. Our results suggest that herpes-like DNA sequences may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AIDS-associated KS

下等シロアリ、イエシロアリ、(等翅目: ミゾガシラシロアリ科)の木材中のセルロース代謝

京都大学0048新制・論文博士博士(農学)乙第10325号論農博第2285号新制||農||796(附属図書館)学位論文||H12||N3360(農学部図書室)UT51-2000-C92(主査)教授 高橋 旨象, 教授 今村 祐嗣, 教授 島田 幹夫学位規則第4条第2項該当Doctor of Agricultural ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Colony Suppression and Possible Colony Elimination of the Subterranean Termites Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes speratus by Discontinuous Soil Treatment Using a Diluent of Fipronil Suspension Concentrate

We assessed the efficacy of a discontinuous soil treatment using a diluent of fipronil suspension concentrate in controlling colonies of Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes speratus. In-ground monitoring stations were installed at Isogi Park and Kindai University, and individual termites inhabiting the stations were collected for four or six years to determine the numbers and locations of colonies present in test areas before and after the discontinuous soil treatment. Microsatellite genotyping indicated that two C. formosanus and two R. speratus colonies in the test area at Isogi Park and five R. speratus colonies in the test area at Kindai University were active and that their territories fluctuated every year. One of the two C. formosanus colonies at Isogi Park and one of the five R. speratus colonies at Kindai University were subjected to discontinuous soil treatments with fipronil and were strongly affected by the treatment at the colony level, resulting in the suppression and possible elimination of colonies. Termite activity of the fipronil-treated colony of C. formosanus was detected within one week after the discontinuous soil treatment and was not found for more than two years (28 months), while termite activity of the fipronil-treated colony of R. speratus was detected within four days and three weeks after the discontinuous soil treatment and was not detected thereafter for three years. Fipronil residue analysis showed that workers of C. formosanus moved at least 28 m and that workers of R. speratus moved 6 m from the treated soil locations for up to three weeks

Functional analysis of microRNA in morphological changes of termites and use of breeding insects as cultivation feed

有翅虫の特徴である複眼や翅の形成，幼形生殖虫の特徴である体表の着色やキチン合成への関与が予測される3種類のmiRNA（miR-7-5p，miR-8-3p，miR-12-5p）のinhibitorとmimicをイエシロアリとヤマトシロアリに注入した。miRNA inhibitor注入で，ヤマトシロアリではnostrin，ribosomal proteinなどのmRNA発現量が増加した。イエシロアリではCYP15A1，JHBP，エクジソン受容体などのmRNA発現量が増加した。miRNA mimic注入では，両シロアリで注入後５～７日経過後にJHAMTとCYP15A1のmRNA量の低下が認められた。Three types of miRNAs (miR-7-5p，miR-8-3p，miR-12-5p) predicted to be involved in the formation of compound eyes or wings, which are characteristics of alates, in the body coloring, which are characteristics of replacement reproductive, and in the chitin synthesis, were selected as targets. Inhibitors or mimics of the miRNAs were injected into worker caste termites of Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes speratus. Injection of miRNA inhibitors increased the expression of mRNAs such as nostrin and ribosomal protein in R. speratus. In C. formosanus, mRNA expression levels of CYP15A1, JHBP, and ecdysone receptor increased. Injection of miRNA mimic reduced the mRNA levels of JHAMT and CYP15A1 in both C. formosanus and R. speratus 5-7 days after injection.研究分野：木材保存