The Effect of Output Processing on Subsequent Input Processing: A Free Recall Study

There is now growing evidence that output promotes second language acquisition. Recently, interest has been shown in examining (a) the effect of output processing on subsequent input processing, and (b) what factors mediate that effect. An experiment was conducted for two proficiency levels of Japanese learners of English under two conditions (output and non-output). First, participants in the output condition wrote a story in English based on four cartoon pictures (output task processing). Second, participants in both conditions read a model story describing the four cartoon pictures (subsequent input processing). Third, both sets of participants were asked, without any advance notice, to recall what they had read (written free recall test). Performance on the written free recall test suggests that (a) output tasks facilitated subsequent input processing, and (b) complex relationships existed among L2 proficiency levels, experiment conditions, and linguistic domains during subsequent input processing. These findings are discussed with reference to second language acquisition research. Implications for pedagogical practice are also considered

The Effect of Output Processing on Subsequent Input Processing: A Free Recall Study

There is now growing evidence that output promotes second language acquisition. Recently, interest has been shown in examining (a) the effect of output processing on subsequent input processing, and (b) what factors mediate that effect. An experiment was conducted for two proficiency levels of Japanese learners of English under two conditions (output and non-output). First, participants in the output condition wrote a story in English based on four cartoon pictures (output task processing). Second, participants in both conditions read a model story describing the four cartoon pictures (subsequent input processing). Third, both sets of participants were asked, without any advance notice, to recall what they had read (written free recall test). Performance on the written free recall test suggests that (a) output tasks facilitated subsequent input processing, and (b) complex relationships existed among L2 proficiency levels, experiment conditions, and linguistic domains during subsequent input processing. These findings are discussed with reference to second language acquisition research. Implications for pedagogical practice are also considered

Effects of Acid Treatment on the Acidic Properties and Catalytic Activity of MCM-41 for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Isobutane

Mesoporous silicas have shown promise as materials for solid catalysts or catalyst supports due to their unique characteristics. Metal-doped mesoporous silicas are known to be catalytically active in the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of isobutane. However, heavy-metal-free mesoporous silicas have not been studied closely for their use as catalysts. In the present study, MCM-41 (#41 Mobil composition of matter) was acid-treated to enhance its catalytic activity, although pure MCM-41 was confirmed as catalytically inactive for the ODH of isobutane (isobutene yield = 0.9%). The pH of a slurry of as-synthesized MCM-41 was changed during acid treatment. A pH adjustment to 6.5 resulted in great improvement in catalytic activity (isobutene yield = 6.1%), but a pH adjustment to 4.5 resulted in insufficient improvement (isobutene yield = 4.5%). It was confirmed via XRD and N2 adsorption-desorption measurement that the pH adjustment to 4.5 degraded the ordered structure of MCM-41. This degradation would be a crucial factor that would render acid treatment less effective. In addition to the acid treatment, Al doping to MCM-41 was conducted. Al doping also greatly enhanced the acidity and catalytic activity of MCM-41

Effect of the template ion exchange behaviors of chromium into FSM-16 on the oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane

The template ion exchange of chromium cations into FSM-16 (#16 Folded Sheets Mesoporous Materials) for 247 h resulted in a 2.89 wt% incorporation of those cations into the FSM-16, although only a 0.3 wt% incorporation had previously been reported. The XRD pattern of the resultant solid (Cr-FSM-16) showed that the hexagonal structure characteristic of FSM-16 remained after the 2.89 wt% incorporation of chromium cations. XPS could be used to detect the Cr3+ and Cr6+ species on the surface of Cr-FSM-16. A pre-edge peak that was due to a tetrahedrally coordinated Cr6+ species was confirmed in the XANES spectrum of the Cr-FSM-16, which showed that the coordination state around some Cr species was similar to that around the Si species in FSM-16. With the increase in the amount of chromium cations in FSM-16, its catalytic activity and stability during the oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane were evidently improved

Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Isobutane to Isobutene on Metal-doped MCM-41 Catalysts

MCM-41 (#41 Mobil Composition of Matter) is a favorable material for heterogeneous reactions because of its unique porous structure. However, the catalytic activity of MCM-41 for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of isobutane to isobutene is known to be quite low. In the present study, a metal-doping method was employed to improve this catalytic activity. Doping of Cr, Co, Ni, or Mo into MCM-41 resulted in a great improvement in the catalytic activity. Since chromium-doped MCM-41 (Cr-MCM-41) showed the greatest catalytic activity among these catalysts, its redox property was further analyzed via XPS, XAFS and H2-TPR techniques. The XPS spectrum of Cr-MCM-41 suggested that it has Cr3+ and Cr6+ species on its surface. Also, a pre-edge peak due to Cr6+ species was confirmed in the XANES spectrum of Cr-MCM-41. In H2-TPR measurement, Cr-MCM-41 was more reducible than crystalline Cr2O3, which showed low catalytic activity for the ODH of isobutane. The reducible Cr6+ species on Cr-MCM-41 contributed to an improvement in the catalytic activity of MCM-41

Home-visit rehabilitation in a repopulated village after the Fukushima nuclear disaster

Following the evacuation of areas affected by Japan's 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, Kawauchi Village was one of the first municipalities repopulated. Although rehabilitation resources were limited, a healthcare facility near the municipality initiated home-visit rehabilitation in 2016. To the best of our knowledge, reports of home-visit rehabilitation in repopulated villages that were evacuated following a nuclear accident are lacking.This article describes a case study of home-visit rehabilitation in Kawauchi Village. The purpose of this study was to explore how users of home-visit rehabilitation services in Kawauchi Village perceive home-visit rehabilitation, and whether it had a positive impact on their daily life. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and their ability to perform activities of daily living was assessed, to understand the living conditions of the visiting-rehabilitation service users.We studied 10 rehabilitation-service users, with a mean age of 86.8 years, who had used the services for an average of 591.4 days. Themes that emerged from the open-ended questionnaire were "established exercise habits and improved physical functions," "the joy of returning to the village," "challenges in the mountainous areas" and "changes in relationships due to the earthquake or evacuation."In conclusion, home-visit rehabilitation was successfully implemented in the repopulated village, and helped maintain the users' physical functions. This may thus be a viable choice for rehabilitation care in repopulated areas after disasters

Acidic Properties of Various Silica Catalysts Doped with Chromium for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Isobutane to Isobutene

Although previous researchers have found that FSM-16 (#16 Folded Sheet Mesoporous material) doped with chromium and related Cr-doped silica catalysts has shown great activity for the oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutene, information on the nature of these catalysts is insufficient. For this study, three types of Cr-doped silica catalysts were prepared by applying the template ion exchange method. CrOx/FSM-16 and CrOx/SiO2 were used as references. These catalysts were used for oxidative dehydrogenation, which was then characterized via various techniques. The most active catalyst was Cr-doped silica, which did not have the hexagonal structure that is characteristic of mesoporous FSM-16. Various characterizations showed that the catalytic activity of the Cr-species, stemmed from a weak acidic nature and a redox nature that originated from the combination of silicate and a Cr cation, as opposed to the hexagonal structure and strong acidic nature of FSM-16

Research and Design of a Routing Protocol in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

无线传感器网络，作为全球未来十大技术之一，集成了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、分布式信息处理和自组织网技术，可实时感知、采集、处理、传输网络分布区域内的各种信息数据，在军事国防、生物医疗、环境监测、抢险救灾、防恐反恐、危险区域远程控制等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。 本文研究分析了无线传感器网络的已有路由协议，并针对大规模的无线传感器网络设计了一种树状路由协议，它根据节点地址信息来形成路由，从而简化了复杂繁冗的路由表查找和维护，节省了不必要的开销，提高了路由效率，实现了快速有效的数据传输。 为支持此路由协议本文提出了一种自适应动态地址分配算——ADAR（AdaptiveDynamicAddre...As one of the ten high technologies in the future, wireless sensor network, which is the integration of micro-sensors, embedded computing, modern network and Ad Hoc technologies, can apperceive, collect, process and transmit various information data within the region. It can be used in military defense, biomedical, environmental monitoring, disaster relief, counter-terrorism, remote control of haz...学位：工学硕士院系专业：信息科学与技术学院通信工程系_通信与信息系统学号：2332007115216

Bamboo Charcoal/Poly(L-lactide) Fiber Webs Prepared Using Laser-Heated Melt Electrospinning

Although several studies have reported that the addition of bamboo charcoal (BC) to polylactide (PLA) enhances the properties of PLA, to date, no study has been reported on the fabrication of ultrafine BC/poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) webs via electrospinning. Therefore, ultrafine fiber webs of PLLA and BC/PLLA were prepared using PLLA and BC/PLLA raw fibers via a novel laser electrospinning method. Ultrafine PLLA and BC/PLLA fibers with average diameters of approximately 1 μm and coefficients of variation of 13–23 and 20–46% were obtained. Via wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis, highly oriented crystals were detected in the raw fibers; however, WAXD patterns of both PLLA and BC/PLLA webs implied an amorphous structure of PLLA. Polarizing microscopy images revealed that the webs comprised ultrafine fibers with uniform diameters and wide variations in birefringence. Temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry measurements indicated that the degree of order of the crystals in the fibers was lower and the molecules in the fibers had higher mobilities than those in the raw fibers. Transmittance of BC/PLLA webs with an area density of 2.6 mg/cm2 suggested that the addition of BC improved UV-shielding efficiencies