Additional file 1: of Colorectal cancer and screening awareness and sources of information in the Hungarian population

Data were collected through self-made questionnaires. The questionnaire contains 19 questions (dichotomous questions, single-answer multiple choice questions, multiple-answer multiple choice questions, and likert-type scales questions). (DOCX 28 kb

The issue of plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine reference range – A systematic review and meta-analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, marker and mediator of endothelial dysfunction. Several studies have demonstrated its value in cardiovascular risk stratification and all-cause mortality prediction. The aim was to determine the reference range of plasma ADMA in healthy adults.</p><p>Methods and results</p><p>Taking into account the most widely used ADMA measurement methods, only studies using either high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) -with fluorescence or mass spectrometric detection-, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify plasma ADMA concentrations were enrolled. 66 studies were included in the quantitative analysis (24 using ELISA and 42 using HPLC) reporting a total number of 5528 non-diabetic, non-hypertensive, non-obese adults without any medication (3178 men and 2350 women, 41.6 ± 16.9 years old). The reference range of ADMA (in μmol/l with 95% confidence interval in parenthesis) was 0.34 (0.29–0.38)– 1.10 (0.85–1.35) with a mean of 0.71 (0.57–0.85) (n = 4093) measured by HPLC and 0.25 (0.18–0.31)– 0.92 (0.76–1.09) with a mean of 0.57 (0.48–0.66) (n = 1435) by ELISA.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Numerous publications suggested that asymmetric dimethylarginine is not only an outstanding tool of disease outcome prediction but also a new potential therapeutic target substance; the reference range provided by this meta-analysis can become of great importance and aid to further investigations. However, developing a standard measurement method would be beneficial to facilitate the clinical usage of ADMA.</p></div

ADMA 95% reference intervals and means (with 95% confidence interval) according to subgroup analysis of method types.

<p>ADMA 95% reference intervals and means (with 95% confidence interval) according to subgroup analysis of method types.</p

Reference intervals of plasma ADMA.

<p>Reference intervals of plasma ADMA.</p

Study flow diagram.

<p>High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA).</p

Apparatus to measure ClO₂ transport through gelatine or pig bladder membranes.

<p>The two glass parts of the apparatus are held together by a pair of extension clamps (not shown in the Figure) which are fixed to a support stand by clamp holders. The active cross-section of the membranes is 28 cm². See text for the working principle.</p

Forest plot detailing the reference intervals and means of plasma ADMA concentrations acquired from the involved studies using ELISA.

<p>Forest plot detailing the reference intervals and means of plasma ADMA concentrations acquired from the involved studies using ELISA.</p

Permeation of ClO₂ through a pig bladder membrane as a function of time <i>t</i>.

<p><i>V</i> and <i>N</i> have the same meaning like in Figure 2. <i>T</i>_<i>L1</i> = 2770 s, <i>T</i>_<i>L2</i> = 586 s and <i>T</i>_<i>L3</i> = 226 s are time lags of the experiments performed on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd day, respectively. The concentration of the ClO₂ source was 946 ppm (14.0 mM) in these experiments.</p

Silencing of dUTPase in <i>Drosophila</i> larvae and pupae.

<p>Western blots in (A) show that the protein level of dUTPase is under detection limit in silenced animals. Actin served as loading control. (B) Curves show the relative number of silenced and non-silenced animals that have undergone puparium formation at the given time point after egg deposition. Inflection points of the curves represent the mean time of puparium formation characteristic for the given population. dUTPase silencing did not perturb the time interval required for puparium formation. (C) Graph shows the number of counted dead animals relative to number of hatched curly winged control flies. Among these dead animals, three groups with distinct morphological traits characteristic for wandering larvae (w3L), prepupae (preP), and pupal stage P5 (P5) were identified and counted. (D) Genomic uracil content of dUTPase silenced and control tissues from 3^rd larvae.</p

Stage- and tissue-specific distribution of dUTPase protein levels in <i>D. melanogaster</i>.

<p>Western blotting (A) and immunohistochemistry (B) was performed on selected developmental stages and tissues. Embryo 0–6 h (E1), embryo 0–24 h (E2), 1^st larvae (1L), 2^nd larvae (2L), early 3^rd larvae (3L1), wandering 3^rd larvae (3L2), pupae before head eversion (P1), pupae after head eversion (P2) and pupae 50–60 h after puparium formation (P3). For Western blotting, actin was used as loading control. Note that dUTPase protein levels are down-regulated during larval stages and expression is confined to specific tissues.</p