A Comparative Investigation on Petroleum Demulsification Techniques (Centrifuge and Green Chemicals Versus Conventional Chemicals)

The breaking (demulsification) of 50-50% w/o petroleum emulsions of two oils (A and B) by Green (chemical and centrifuge) methods were studied in comparison to conventional (chemical) method. The green methods consisted of silicon based chemical demulsifiers and high-speed centrifuge operated at 12,000 RPM, while the conventional method consisted of Amine group based demulsifiers. In chemical method, the concentrations were varied (0.5%, 1.5% and 3%), while in centrifuge method, the processing time was varied (10 and 30 minutes). The efficiency of these methods was determined by measuring the amount of water separated from the emulsion after being treated. The maximum separation efficiencies for Silicon demulsifiers were 93 and 88% for oils A and B respectively, and that of Amine group demulsifiers were 72 and 86% for oils A and B respectively, While centrifuge demulsification gave maximum separations of 39 and 24% for oils A and B respectively. Based on these results, Silicon based demulsifiers are very effective and reliable method to treat emulsions for different types of oils with different composition, and have the potential to be used as an alternative method in the demulsification or breaking of water-in-crude oil emulsions

Review on the Fundamental Aspects of Petroleum Oil Emulsions and Techniques of Demulsification

This review is aimed to introduce a comprehensive survey on the most prominent and sustainable techniques and methods that could abate the environmental worries as well as financial insecurities in treating petroleum emulsions, since the existence of water is not desired because of the paramount troubles it may cause on the processing streamlines, as well as financial cost associated with transporting water mixed with petroleum. Currently, the most commonly used method for treating petroleum emulsion is the application of chemical additives, known as demulsifiers. Althogh, there are many other methods that are claimed to be more favorable from economic and environmental perspectives, yet, have not being fully put into real life practice, because of the drawbacks and disadvantages. In this review, several techniques have been surveyed including, chemical, electrical, membrane, centrifuge, bacteria, air floatation, ultrasonic, and microwave. Based on this Theoretical survey, silcone based demulsifiers were reported to be very effective and environmental friendly, but expensive. Also microwave and ultrasonics were reported to be very effective in treating petroleum emulsion and could be recommended as future ulternatives for treating petroleum emulsions

20-80% Water-In-Diesel Emulsion Fuel Formulations and Stability Study for Duration of Two

New surfactant formulations were prepared at FKKSA Lab at University Malaysia Pahang; the formulation consists of synthesized polyol based non-ionic surfactants combined with different concentrations of commercial stabilizers and co surfactants. Six different compositions denoted as Samples (A, B, C, D, E, F) were tested on 20-80% water-in-diesel emulsion fuel samples for duration of fortnights. Results showed that emulsions prepared with formulations C, D, E and F were very stable and showed no water separation for two weeks. Followed by B, which started separation after 13 days and lost 15% of the water, while sample A, which appeared to be the least stable of all, lost 15% of oil in the first day. From these data one can conclude that the samples (C, D, E and F) surfactant formulation could be used as tailored stabilizers for synthesizing diesel based emulsion fuels

Effect of 20% Water Content on the Properties (Cetane Number, Rheology and Stability) of Emulsion Fuel in Comparison to the Commercial Diesel

This paper is aimed to investigate the change in the properties of the diesel when emulsified with water and become emulsion (emulsion fuel). The properties of 20 were determined based on periodic measurement. The experimental test for duration of one month. The emulsion was assessed by measuring its viscosity, cetane number and water resolution as function of time. However, results showed that, addition of 20% water in the commercial diesel had high as 9 mpa.s in the emulsion fuel, while aging had very minor effect on viscosity. Furthermore, the cetane number also increased from 56.9 in the original commercial diesel With regard to water resolution, 7% water and 10% oil layers were resolved, but quantitatively, there was a water rich mixture settled at the bottom and an oil rich mixture at the top. This study proved that aging have very ma ambiguous and not easy to determine since there were no clear boundaries between layers, and the whole sample turns to gray color with time instead of milky white initially