教育実習生の小学校体育科指導の心配に関する事例研究

本研究は,国立H大学教員養成学部3年生が教育実習生として体育科の授業を指導する時,何を心配と感じるのか,また彼らが対処すべきと感じる課題は何かを明らかにすることを第1の目的とした。さらに,実習生がそれらの課題に対処するためにどのような援助を有効と考えているかを明らかにすることを第2の目的とした。21名の実習生の心配事を分類した結果と3名の学生のインタビューの解釈より以下のことが示唆された。まず第1に,5週間の教育実習中,実習生はクラス全員の子どもを安全に規律を守って運動させることを課題の中心と意識した。第2に,反省会や指導案の作成における指導教官との対話,教科の知識に関する同僚学生との対話が,目の前の子どもの実情に即して教室の規律を維持し,諸困難を処理するために必要な実践的知識の獲得に効果がある。第3に,指導教官の模範授業を観察する時期を1週削こ限定せず,2過日以降にも設定する実習計画の改善が必要である。第4に,教育実習で学んだ体育の目標に関する実践的知識を学生が振り返り整理するために,体育の目標に関する理論的知識を学ぶ機会を事後指導に位置づけることが必要である

How should tracers be injected to detect for sentinel nodes in gastric cancer – submucosally from inside or subserosally from outside of the stomach?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In sentinel node (SN) detection for cases of early gastric cancer, the submucosal dye injection method appears to be more reasonable than the subserosal injection. To compare the two injection methods, we have focused on the rate of concordance between hot nodes (HNs) obtained from the radioisotope (RI) method and green nodes (GNs) obtained from the dye-guided method in addition to the number and distribution of GNs detected, and the sensitivity of metastatic detection.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The subjects of this study were 63 consecutive patients with gastric cancer (sT1–T2, sN0, tumor diameter ≦ 4 cm) in whom we attempted SN detection using a combination of RI and dye methods. ^99mTc-tin colloid was injected a day before the surgery, and indocyanine green was injected either submucosally (n = 43) with endoscopes or subserosally (n = 20) by direct vision.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>An average of hot and green nodes (H&G: 4 ± 3 vs. 4 ± 3), hot and non-green nodes (H&NG: 2 ± 3 vs. 1 ± 2), cold and green nodes (C&G: 2 ± 2 vs. 3 ± 4), and the rate of concordance (H&G/H&G + H&NG + C&G: 45 + 27% vs. 48 ± 30%) were not significantly different between the submucosal and subserosal injection methods. The spread of GNs to tier 2 stations (24% vs. 30%) and metastatic detection sensitivity (86% vs. 100%) were also not different between the submucosal and subserosal injection methods.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The tracer injection sites do not have to be limited to the submucosa.</p

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

コア・サイエンス・ティーチャー養成コース連携出張サイエンス教室による中学校理科教材の開発

This article describes the results of science classes developed as a joint program of core-science-teachers in junior high school (or elementary school) and university professors. For three years from 2015 to 2017, seven science classes have been held in two elementary schools and five junior high schools, and 410 students have taken the classes. All the classes have been designed on the basis of the official curriculum of junior high school (or elementary school). The well designed science classes gave positive influence on the students, which was confirmed by a questionnaire survey