Young Age, Female Sex, and No Comorbidities Are Risk Factors for Adverse Reactions after the Third Dose of BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A Prospective Cohort Study in Japan

Background: This study compared the adverse events (AEs) of the second and third doses of BNT162b2, as well as investigated the impact of vaccine recipients’ background and vaccination interval on the AEs of the third dose. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey of AEs among health care workers at Osaka University Dental Hospital. Chi-square tests were performed to compare AEs to the administration of second and third vaccine doses. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors influencing the presence of AEs using age, sex, comorbidities, and the vaccination interval. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was calculated to investigate the correlation between age, vaccination interval, and severity of each AE. Results: The third dose of BNT162b2 was associated with significantly more frequent or milder AEs than the second dose. Logistic regression analyses detected significant differences in six items of AEs by age, three by sex, two by comorbidities, and zero by vaccination interval. Consistently, the risk of AEs was greater among younger persons, females, and those without comorbidities. Significant negative correlations were detected between age and vaccination interval, and between age and the severity of most AEs. Conclusions: Young, female, and having no comorbidities are risk factors for AEs after the third dose of BNT162b2, while vaccination interval is not.Urakawa R., Isomura E.T., Matsunaga K., et al. Young Age, Female Sex, and No Comorbidities Are Risk Factors for Adverse Reactions after the Third Dose of BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A Prospective Cohort Study in Japan. Vaccines, 10, 8, 1357. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081357

Young Age, Female Sex, and No Comorbidities Are Risk Factors for Adverse Reactions after the Third Dose of BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A Prospective Cohort Study in Japan

Background: This study compared the adverse events (AEs) of the second and third doses of BNT162b2, as well as investigated the impact of vaccine recipients’ background and vaccination interval on the AEs of the third dose. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey of AEs among health care workers at Osaka University Dental Hospital. Chi-square tests were performed to compare AEs to the administration of second and third vaccine doses. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors influencing the presence of AEs using age, sex, comorbidities, and the vaccination interval. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was calculated to investigate the correlation between age, vaccination interval, and severity of each AE. Results: The third dose of BNT162b2 was associated with significantly more frequent or milder AEs than the second dose. Logistic regression analyses detected significant differences in six items of AEs by age, three by sex, two by comorbidities, and zero by vaccination interval. Consistently, the risk of AEs was greater among younger persons, females, and those without comorbidities. Significant negative correlations were detected between age and vaccination interval, and between age and the severity of most AEs. Conclusions: Young, female, and having no comorbidities are risk factors for AEs after the third dose of BNT162b2, while vaccination interval is not

Cationic π-Stacking Columns of Coronene Molecules with Fully Charged and Charge-Disproportionated States

Electrochemical oxidation of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, coronene, with D6h symmetry in the presence of tetrahedral GaCl4– anions gave two cation salts, (coronene)(GaCl4) (1) and (coronene)5(GaCl4)2 (2), with unprecedented charge arrangements. Salt 1 involves π-stacking columns in a zigzag manner, which are composed of the crystallographically equivalent coronene monocations. First-principle calculations revealed that the dimerization of coronene cations gives rise to a band gap opening at the Fermi level, and thus, semiconducting behavior. On the other hand, in salt 2, two crystallographically independent coronene molecules (A and B) form π-stacking columns with an AABB repeating unit, which are flanked by another coronene molecule (C). The crystallographic features, such as interplanar distances and in-plane molecular distortions arising from the Jahn–Teller effect, as well as the first-principle calculations, strongly suggested the emergence of charge disproportionation within the π-stacking columns. As in the case of 1, the calculated band structure exhibits a band gap opening at the Fermi level, which corresponds to the observed semiconducting behavior

Charge-transfer complexes based on C₂v-symmetric benzo[ghi]perylene: comparison of their dynamic and electronic properties with those of D₆h-symmetric coronene

Single crystals of three neutral charge-transfer complexes and a cation radical salt based on a C₂v-symmetric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, benzo[ghi]perylene (bper), were obtained. The 1 : 1 complex with 7, 7, 8, 8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) involves DA-type alternating π-columns, whereas the alternating π-columns in the 2 : 1 TCNQ complex are flanked by another bper molecule. The in-plane rotation of bper in the 1 : 1 complex was significantly suppressed compared with that of coronene in (coronene) (TCNQ), which is associated with the lower molecular symmetry of bper. Whereas the 3 : 1 TCNQ complex involves DDA-type alternating π-columns flanked by another bper molecule, bper molecules in the 3 : 1 cation radical salt with Mo₆O₁₉²⁻ have a columnar structure with a [101]-like charge-ordered pattern associated with intermolecular interactions in the bay region of bper. The dimerisation of charge-rich bper molecules results in an increased energy gap at the Fermi level, and consequently, semiconducting behaviour of the salt has a larger activation energy than that of the isostructural coronene salt in the partially charged state. The lower molecular symmetry of bper also affects the degeneracy of the frontier-orbitals; the energy difference between the HOMO and the HOMO−1 of bper is significantly larger than that of coronene, which is comparable to the intermolecular transfer integrals

Improved Dynamic Properties of Charge-Transfer-Type Supramolecular Rotor Composed of Coronene and F₄TCNQ

A charge-transfer (CT)-type supramolecular rotor, (coronene)₂F₄TCNQ, was obtained by vacuum co-sublimation. The CT complex has an unprecedented crystal structure consisting only of DDA-type alternating π-columns of coronene (D) and electron acceptor (A), and coronene molecules with a pronounced undulating structure form no C–H···F hydrogen bonds with adjacent F₄TCNQ molecules in the side-by-side direction. These structural features are in contrast with those reported for (coronene)­F₄TCNQ that has DA-type alternating π-columns, which was obtained by diffusion in dichloromethane/pentane. Coronene molecules in the present complex undergo an in-plane rotation in the gigahertz region at 233 K, which is 3 orders of magnitude faster than that in (coronene)­F₄TCNQ. Furthermore, the activation energy for the rotation was found to be about half of the value reported for (coronene)­F₄TCNQ. These results clearly demonstrate that dynamic properties of the assemblies (CT complexes) can be varied by changing the assembly method (crystallization method), even when the parts (molecules) used as rotator and stator components are the same