MATCHING APPROACHES TO TEACHING WRITING FOR SECOND AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNERS

The present paper reviews some recent approaches which meet to the needs and the characteristics of second and foreign language learners in learning writing. Unlike teaching writing in first language context, teaching writing in second and foreign language context is more challenging and sometime faces more complicated problems. Therefore, teacher needs to use appropriate approach to overcome problem in his/her teaching. There are two different approaches presented in this paper: genre-based approach and lexical approach. Genre-based approach is considered effective due to its linguistic structure which provides learners with a clear idea of what language features should be expressed and how the content should be organized. On the other hand, language classroom which is organized by using lexical principles give the learners awareness to ‘chunk’ to form appropriate expression fluently and effortlessly. In conclusion, teaching writing to second and foreign language learners can’t only apply a single approach, method, or technique. Keywords: approaches, teaching writing, second and foreign language learner

Coherence in amalgamated algebra along an ideal

Let $f: A\rightarrow B$ be a ring homomorphism and let $J$ be an ideal of $B$. In this paper, we investigate the transfert of the property of coherence to the amalgamation $A\bowtie^{f}J$. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for $A\bowtie^{f}J$ to be a coherent ring

Attractivité des places Offshore : analyse de la situation du Maroc en 2021

Cet article vise à analyser la notion d’attractivité en se référant aux déterminants qui permettent d’évaluer un pays. En mettant sous la loupe les activités d’offshoring, s’avérant une matière d’actualité, étant une nouvelle forme des investissements directs étrangers, émergées dans le contexte de la globalisation financière. Ainsi qu’il porte sur l’analyse de la situation d’offshore marocain en 2021 pour déterminer ses forces et faiblesses et apporter les propositions d’amélioration. Notre recherche constitue une problématique de tout gouvernement qui cherche à accroitre sa compétitivité sur le marché international et affermir l’attractivité à l’égard des investisseurs étrangers. Cette étude a été réalisée en se basant sur 18 facteurs d’attractivité sous 4 groupes, économiques, politiques, institutionnels et autres, en rédigeant une grille d’évaluation regroupant l’ensemble des facteurs relatifs à l’état d’offshoring au Maroc en 2021. Dans un objectif d’adaptation, la grille d’évaluation a été transformée en une grille à échelle de 0 à 10, nous permettons ainsi d’avoir une vision plus claire sur chaque déterminant pour constituer le climat d’investissement marocain

Self-Partial and Dynamic Reconfiguration Implementation for AES using FPGA

This paper addresses efficient hardware/software implementation approaches for the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm and describes the design and performance testing algorithm for embedded system. Also, with the spread of reconfigurable hardware such as FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array) embedded cryptographic hardware became cost-effective. Nevertheless, it is worthy to note that nowadays, even hardwired cryptographic algorithms are not so safe. From another side, the self-reconfiguring platform is reported that enables an FPGA to dynamically reconfigure itself under the control of an embedded microprocessor. Hardware acceleration significantly increases the performance of embedded systems built on programmable logic. Allowing a FPGA-based MicroBlaze processor to self-select the coprocessors uses can help reduce area requirements and increase a system's versatility. The architecture proposed in this paper is an optimal hardware implementation algorithm and takes dynamic partially reconfigurable of FPGA. This implementation is good solution to preserve confidentiality and accessibility to the information in the numeric communication

People, trade and training: the needs of Morocco agricultural enterprises facing EU markets

The Mediterranean area is the core of an increasing exchange of goods and people. A distinctive feature of present trends in international relationship is the importance of factors that are beyond the mere exchange of goods. In particular, foreign investment, the creation international enterprises and training and personal growth of actors that are involved in the production process are key elements of the present scenario. The objective of this paper is to discuss the need of education and training in Morocco agricultural and agri-food enterprises in view of the increasing connection with the EU economy. In particular, attention is focused on the need brought about by the increased product quality requirements and by the installment of EU and US enterprises in Morocco. The study is carried out as a preliminary activity of the TEMPUS project STRIDE 4, through a survey of about thirty Morocco enterprises. The preliminary results show a strong need for training and information. The questionnaire shows a high degree of awareness about gaps and problems in meeting EU consumer expectations. At the same time, most respondents already show a clear positive strategy toward meeting such needs and many enterprises in fact are already adequate to many quality requirements. The main focus of the training required is on the interface between technical and marketing activities. Continuous education and life long learning are also perceived as major needs. In the background, the research shows the need of a more consistent understanding of each others institutions and cultural settings, as well as of a long term process of learning through collaborative training, production and research.Agribusiness,

The practices of English in Indonesian secondary education: A sequential explanatory study

A growing body of literature on need analysis research has been carried out in indifference areas in various countries around the world. However, need analysis study in Indonesian vocational settings situated in marketing programs is still in its infancy. This article aimed at exploring participants’ angles toward the participants’ ESP Target Needs in the marketing program at a private Vocational High School (VHS) in East Java, Indonesia. By adapting Hutchinson & Waters' (1987) frameworks, this sequential explanatory mixed-methods (Creswell, 2014, 2018) employed a web-based questionnaire and a series of semi-structured interviews as the instruments. A web-based questionnaire consisting of 9 items: 2 items asking about wants, 2 items asking about necessities, and 5 items asking about lacks was administered to 15 participants who consented to take part in the recent study. Additionally, there were 3 areas of a series of semi-structured interviews exploring participants’ and the English teachers’ feelings about their wants, necessities, and lacks. A descriptive statistical method using SPSS v.25 was used to analyze the quantitative data, whereas thematic analysis proposed by Widodo (2014) was employed to analyze the qualitative data. The findings indicated that there were various perceptions related to their English target needs. Conclusions, limitations, and recommendations were then discussed.Keywords: English specific purposes (ESP); marketing program; need analysis; target needs; vocational high school (VHS