Performances of fuel injection system in diesel engine using distributor type fuel injection pump / Mohd Nizan Rifai, Shahidan Sudin and Mohamad Sukri Ismail

This project introduced the fuel injection system in diesel engine using distributor type pump. Normally, the vehicle using this pump is “Nissan SD 22 series (104749-4040). The process or principal workings are also introduced in this project. All the component and part must be to know for knowledge the functions. It is included the constructions, operation, governor section (variable speed governor operation, higher speed operation, idle and maximum speed governor), solenoid operation, advance unit, fuel pump timing, and etc. Beside that, fuel pump must calibrate with use “calibration machine” before to applied to the vehicle. The service manual has been prepared primarily for assisting service personal in providing effective service and maintenance of “fuel pump diesel series” for the vehicle. The distributor fuel pumps VE types, which includes for maintenance, adjustments, removal and installation, disassembly and assembly of components, and troubleshooting. All information, illustrations and specifications contained in service manual are based on the latest product information available at the any time. When to removal the all component, keep clean the surround places because the fuel pump components are very sensitive to dirt. Any components have to remove, it is must to remind or put a mark for installing back. The fuel injector is the important component in the fuel injection system. The installation the pump is also sensitive to deposit. It is included the constructions, operation, service injector, inspections, reassembly, and trouble-shooting. Each component in injector, which service must to make adjustment to follow the manual manufacturers. Adjustment to injector depends on manual manufacturer’s fuel pump type. All part in fuel injection pump and injector, we must know the function, formally, a good fuel pump show the reading same with the manual manufacturer’s fuel pump

Experimental Investigation on PM10 and PM2.5 Concentrations in North Bandung

North Bandung is an area where there are several tourist attractions, including the Dago Dream Park. The main road to several locations in North Bandung is via the road in front of Terminal Dago. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to collect data on PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations at both locations, namely in front of Terminal Dago and Dago Dream Park. Data collection was carried out for seven days, from Monday to Sunday, from 08.00 to 16.00 local time. To evaluate air quality in these two places, the national standard, namely PPRI No. 22 of 2021 and international standards from WHO were applied. The measurement results show that the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 in these two locations are still within the national standard. Meanwhile, when evaluated with WHO standards, PM10 concentrations in both locations are still within standard, but for PM2.5, there are several days where the air quality is out of the standard. The average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 during the 7 days of measurement at Terminal Dago are 19.9 μg/m3 and 21.6 μg/m3, respectively. While the average concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 during 1 week of data collection were 18.9 μg/m3 and 19.9 μg/m3, respectively. This means that the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 at Terminal Dago is slightly higher than that of at Dago Dream Park. In addition, based on an evaluation using national standards, Dago Dream Park tourist attractions still have good air quality and are safe for local residents and tourists. From the data recorded at the Health Centre (Puskesmas), the number of ARI cases in the two locations in 2020 and 2021 is relatively not much different

Mini review: biologically synthesized nanoparticles as antifungal agents

Fungal infections are affecting millions of people in the world every year. Severity of infections range from superficial mycoses to more chronic systemic mycoses. As more fungi species evolve, emergence of drug resistant strains is becoming a serious concern to the public health. There is now less number of effective antifungal drugs available in the market for treatment of invasive fungal infections. In an effort to combat this escalating issue, the use of nanoparticles as antifungal agent has been proposed and explored. Versatility of nanoparticles and its unique physico-chemical properties are proven beneficial for developing new therapeutic methods in treatment of fungal infections. Nanoparticles produced from biological synthesis have attracted keen interests from researchers, as they are more environmentally friendly, sustainable, cost-effective, and biocompatible. This mini review will provide an insight on the current antifungal studies and discuss the theory behind mechanism of actions of nanoparticles

Green synthesis of zinc oxide-based nanomaterials for photocatalytic studies: A mini review

Due to rapid industrialization, wastewater pollution has become a serious concern that needs to be addressed effectively. Untreated contaminants abundantly discharged into the water bodies have been proven to negatively impact the environment as well as human health. For a long time, zinc oxide (ZnO) has been used to treat these environmental pollutions in a process called semiconductor photocatalysis. In the field of material science, nanosized ZnO synthesized using green route has been used by many researchers as they are usually eco-friendly and cost effective. Even though ZnO nanostructures act as an excellent photocatalyst, there are still a few drawbacks that can limit their efficiency. To overcome these problems, ZnO modifications can be done to produce ZnO-based nanomaterials. In this mini review, we present up-to-date research progress on green synthesized ZnO-based nanomaterials and discusses on the methods used to modify ZnO nanostructures to improve photocatalytic efficiency

Copper/graphene based materials nanocomposites and their antibacterial study: a mini review

Due to their biocidal activity properties, graphene based materials have been widely studied especially in biomedical, agriculture and water treatment process which focus on mitigating the microbial resistance problem. However, the antibacterial performance of these materials alone are relatively weak and need to be improved in order to enhance their biological activity. Copper nanoparticles is a low cost metal also has the antibacterial properties which is almost similar with the silver and gold nanoparticles. The combination of these two materials had produced to a new potential material as another alternative for the antibacterial agents. Therefore, in this work, a brief review of copper/graphene based material nanocomposites and their antibacterial study was discussed

Photocatalytic degradation with green synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles – a mini review

Water pollution is one of the major problems faced by mankind worldwide. With the increase of populations and urbanization, the natural water resources are under great threat due to the release of untreated effluent. An alternative treatment method, photocatalysis, emerged as a promising solution. Photocatalysis process utilizes photosensitive catalyst to degrade the pollutant and one of the most common catalyst being used is metal oxide. To increase the photocatalytic activity, nanosized metal oxide being used instead of its bulk form. In these recent years, metal oxide nanoparticles production has been shifted towards a more environmentally friendly process which is also commonly known as green synthesis. In this review, we discussed on the photocatalytic process and production via green synthesis of common metal oxide nanoparticles being used as photocatalyst

Flow-induced vibration of a square cylinder and downstream flat plate associated with micro-scale energy harvester

The phenomenon of flow-induced vibration (FIV) over a square cylinder at Reynolds numbers, Re = (3.6–12.5 × 103) is numerically studied. This current study provides a detailed explanation of the behaviour of transverse motion of square cylinder with the mass damping ratio, mζ* = 2.48. The computation of FIV is conducted by numerical simulation based on the Unsteady Reynolds Navier-Stokes (URANS) flow field using OpenFOAM software. The first part of the numerical simulation consists of an isolated square cylinder to validate the solution with previous studies. The computation of FIV with a total number of cells, N = 101,662 have shown a comparable pattern of amplitude curve. The coexistence of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) and galloping is observed for a single isolated cylinder. A downstream flat plate is introduced in the second part of the work. Different gaps separation between the cylinder and flat plate (0.1 ⩽G/D ⩽ 3) are simulated. Based on the amplitude curve against reduced velocities 4 ⩽ UR ⩽ 20, four regimes are identified. According to the power estimation, the optimum gap separation is G/D = 0.1. The harnessed power is higher than a single isolated square cylinder while preserving the robustness for the remote harvesting purpose

Relationship Between Indoor Air Quality And Sick Building Syndrome In Post Office Building In Bandung

Sick building syndrome (SBS) is a collection of symptoms experienced by buildings occupants such as headaches, mucous, membrane irritation, respiratory problems, and fatigue. A building has SBS if more than 20% of building occupants experience symptoms. Poor indoor air quality contributes to SBS in the building. This study investigates the correlation between indoor air quality and SBS symptoms in Post office building in Bandung. The study used quantitative methods with a cross-sectional study design. Data collection was carried out using particle counter, thermometer, lux meter, anemometer, and questionnaire. Primary data results compared with the air quality standard from Minister of Health No. 1077, 2021. Statically Compare Means and Independent T-test results that the p-values for the 1st floor and 2nd floors, temperature were 0.437 and 0.000, respectively, PM10 and PM2.5 were 0.005 and 0.290 and 0.004 and 0.364, respectively, and lighting were 0.002 and 0.015. It indicates a significant relationship between concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 on the 1st floor with SBS symptoms and the temperature and humidity on the 2nd with SBS symptoms. Since 29 people (24% of the building’s occupants) experienced SBS, the building was considered the significant potential to cause SBS to its occupant

Flow induced vibration of a square cylinder with high scruton number

Flow over a square cylinder is numerically studied to understand the effect of reduced velocity to the transverse oscillation under the influence of high Scruton number elastic system of 4.316. For low reduced velocities, the transverse oscillation behavior can be grouped in the initial branch region. In this region, the motion is mainly controlled by the lift fluctuation. For intermediate reduced velocities, the transverse oscillation behavior is grouped in the lower branch region. In this region, its natural frequency slowly becomes significant. For high reduced velocities, the galloping region is observed. In this region, the natural frequency dominated the shape of the amplitude oscillation

Variation of green synthesis techniques in fabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles – A mini review

The field of nanotechnology has been one of the major focus of research for scientists across the world. This field deals with the production and usage of nanoscale materials. The popularity of nanotechnology is due to its unique properties that cannot be found in its large counterpart. In these recent years, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) emerged as an important ceramic material that can be utilized across various fields such as medicine, cosmetics, textiles, wastewater treatment and many others. The fabrication of ZnO NPs can proceed through three major pathways which are physical, chemical and green synthesis. Among these synthesis method, green synthesis is preferable as it is more environmentally friendly. In this review, we summarize the various techniques of green synthesis in fabrication of ZnO NPs