Additional file 2: Figure S1. of Seasonal variation in haematological and biochemical reference values for healthy young children in The Gambia

Median and reference intervals (2.5th-97.5th) for all haematology and biochemistry parameters over age, by gender and/or season. (PDF 1045 kb

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Seasonal variation in haematological and biochemical reference values for healthy young children in The Gambia

Proportions of observations below predicted percentiles from models with and without outliers. (DOC 64 kb

Clinical features in Gambian children with severe malaria independently associated with a fatal outcome.

<p>The multiple logistic regression analysis included 1,931 observations with complete data (5 degrees of freedom) χ² = 180.4 (P<0.001); pseudo-R2 = 0.10; Goodness-of- fit, statistics: Hosmer-Lemeshow  = 4.47 (P = 0.61). AUC =  area under the curve.</p

Clinical features associated with death in children with SM.

<p>Odds of death and blood lactate concentration in children with SM. Data show the odds ratio (95%CI) of death in relation to increasing concentrations of blood lactate in 467 children with SM (a). Odds of death and Blantyre coma score. OR and P values are relative to BCS = 5 (b). Specificity and sensitivity of different blood lactate concentration cut-off values (c) and coma scores measured by BCS (d) to predict death. AUC =  area under the curve,* P<0.05, ***P<0.001.</p

Prevalence of clinical features in Gambian children admitted to hospital with severe malaria.

<p>variables were defined as follows: Prostration, inability to sit (children aged >7 months); Impaired consciousness, BCS ≤4; Coma, BCS ≤2; Repeated convulsions, >3 in 24 h; Severe anemia (with any parasite density), Hb <5 g/dL or PCV <15; Respiratory distress, abnormal respiratory pattern (respiratory pattern values > or  = 3), grunting or use of accessory muscles of respiration, or abnormally deep (acidotic) breathing; Hypoglycemia ≤2.2 mM; Hyperlactatemia, plasma lactate >5 mM; Hyperpyrexia, temp>40°C; Hyperparasitemia, <i>P. falciparum</i> parasite density >500,000 /µl; Hypotensive shock, circulatory collapse with systolic blood pressure <50 mmHg; Hepatomegaly >2 cm below right costal margin; Splenomegaly >2 cm below left costal margin.</p

Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population.

<p>Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population.</p

Inclusivity in global research questionnaire.

BackgroundPreterm (born AimTo identify factors that influence the time to full enteral feeds, defined as tolerance of 120ml/kg/day, in hospitalised preterm and VLBW infants in neonatal units in two sub-Saharan African countries.MethodsDemographic and clinical variables were collected for newborns admitted to 7 neonatal units in Nigeria and Kenya over 6-months. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify factors independently associated with time to full enteral feeds.ResultsOf the 2280 newborn infants admitted, 484 were preterm and VLBW. Overall, 222/484 (45.8%) infants died with over half of the deaths (136/222; 61.7%) occurring before the first feed. The median (inter-quartile range) time to first feed was 46 (27, 72) hours of life and time to full enteral feeds (tFEF) was 8 (4.5,12) days with marked variation between neonatal units. Independent predictors of tFEF were time to first feed (unstandardised coefficient B 1.69; 95% CI 1.11 to 2.26; p value ConclusionThe use of standardised feeding guidelines may decrease variations in clinical practice, shorten tFEF and thereby improve preterm and VLBW outcomes.</div

Correlation between tFEF and length of hospital stay.

Correlation between tFEF and length of hospital stay.</p

Correlation between time to regain birthweight and length of hospital stay.

Correlation between time to regain birthweight and length of hospital stay.</p

Correlation between tFEF and time to regain birthweight.

Correlation between tFEF and time to regain birthweight.</p