Supernova search at intermediate z. I. Spectroscopic analysis

We study 8 supernovae discovered as part of the International Time Programme (ITP) project ``Omega and Lambda from Supernovae and the Physics of Supernova Explosions'' at the European Northern Observatory (ENO). The goal of the project is to increase the sample of intermediate redshift (0.1<z<0.4) SNe Ia for testing properties of SNe Ia along z and for enlarging the sample in the Hubble diagram up to large z.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, to appear in ``1604-2004: Supernovae as Cosmological Lighthouses'', (extended text upon request

56Ni dredge-up in the type IIp Supernova 1995V

We present contemporary infrared and optical spectra of the plateau type II SN 1995V in NGC 1087 covering four epochs, approximately 22 to 84 days after shock breakout. The data show, for the first time, the infrared spectroscopic evolution during the plateau phase of a typical type II event. In the optical region P Cygni lines of the Balmer series and of metals lines were identified. The infrared (IR) spectra were largely dominated by the continuum, but P Cygni Paschen lines and Brackett gamma lines were also clearly seen. The other prominent IR features are confined to wavelengths blueward of 11000 \AA and include Sr II 10327, Fe II 10547, C I 10695 and He I 10830 \AA. We demonstrate the presence of He I 10830 \AA on days 69 and 85. The presence of this line at such late times implies re-ionisation. A likely re-ionising mechanism is gamma-ray deposition following the radioactive decay of 56Ni. We examine this mechanism by constructing a spectral model for the He I 10830 \AA line based on explosion model s15s7b2f of Weaver & Woosley (1993). We find that this does not generate the observed line owing to the confinement of the 56Ni to the central zones of the ejecta. In order to reproduce the He I line, it was necessary to introduce additional upward mixing of the 56Ni, with 10^{-5} of the total nickel mass reaching above the helium photosphere. In addition, we argue that the He I line-formation region is likely to have been in the form of pure helium clumps in the hydrogen envelope.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 32 pages including 11 figures (uses psfig.sty - included

Infrared and Optical Spectroscopy of Type Ia Supernovae in the Nebular Phase

We present near-infrared (NIR) spectra for Type Ia supernovae at epochs of 13 to 338 days after maximum blue light. Some contemporary optical spectra are also shown. All the NIR spectra exhibit considerable structure throughout the J-, H- and K-bands. In particular they exhibit a flux `deficit' in the J-band which persists as late as 175 days. This is responsible for the well-known red J-H colour. To identify the emission features and test the $^{56}$Ni hypothesis for the explosion and subsequent light curve, we compare the NIR and optical nebular-phase data with a simple non-LTE nebular spectral model. We find that many of the spectral features are due to iron-group elements and that the J-band deficit is due to a lack of emission lines from species which dominate the rest of the IR/optical spectrum. Nevertheless, some emission is unaccounted for, possibly due to inaccuracies in the cobalt atomic data. For some supernovae, blueshifts of 1000--3000 km/s are seen in infrared and optical features at 3 months. We suggest this is due to clumping in the ejecta. The evolution of the cobalt/iron mass ratio indicates that $^{56}$Co-decay dominates the abundances of these elements. The absolute masses of iron-group elements which we derive support the basic thermonuclear explosion scenario for Type Ia supernovae. A core-collapse origin is less consistent with our data.Comment: 33 Latex pages, 12 Postscript figures: accepted by Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ

Reglamento orgánico para el régimen del Cuerpo de Somatenes Armados de España, Islas Baleares y Canarias

Fecha de prelim.: 23 de agosto de 1924Datos del editor: Data de prelim.: 23 de agosto de 192

Manifestación hecha por ... Arzobispo Obispo de Coria y Obispos de Pamplona y de Canarias al Excmo. Sr. Ministro de Gracia y Justicia de algunos males que más afligen a la iglesia de España, reclamando medidas eficaces para su pronto remedio.

Imp. tomado del colofó

Mapa general de la Peninsula Ibérica, Islas Baleares, Canarias y Posesiones Españolas

Coordenadas referidas al meridiano de Madrid (O 5°50'00''--E 9°23'02''/N 44°06'19''--N 35°02'27''). Red geográfica de 1° en 1°Relieve representado por sombreadoTabla de signos convencionales para indicar divisiones militares, administrativas y religiosas, núcleos de población de distinta categoría, divisiones militares, caminos, carreteras, líneas ferroviarias, estaciones telegráficasInformación del número de habitantes de las poblaciones más significativas y de montes y picos más altosInserta: "Isla de Puerto-Rico". Escala 1:600.000. 15 x 41 cm. Coordenadas referidas al meridiano de Madrid (O 63°47'38''--O 61°25'18''/N 18°33'15''--N 17°46'18'') ; "Posesiones españolas del Golfo de Guinea". 1:12.000.000. 7 x 4 cm. Coordenadas referidas al meridiano de Madrid (E 9°20'--E 13°53'/N 6°00'--S 1°40') ; "Islas Marianas". - 13 x 5 cm. "Mapa de las Islas Filipinas" / A. Solé grabó. - 43,5 x 17,5 cm. Coordenadas referidas al meridiano de Madrid (E 121°30'--E 130°30'/N 24°42'--N 3°43'). "Islas Canarias". 1:1.100.000. Coordenadas referidas al meridiano de Madrid (O 14°37'30''--09°36'48''/N 29°28'09''--N 27°39'10''). "Isla de Cuba". 1:2.800.000. 18 x 41 cm. Coordenadas referidas al meridiano de Madrid (O 78°43'--O 67°31'/N 23°40'--N 19°29'

Acoustic Selectivity in Tropical Tuna (Experimental Purse-seine Campaign in the Indian Ocean) by

The target species of Spanish tuna purse-seiners are Tropical tuna: yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) and skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), the secondary species being bigeye (Thunnus obesus). The fleet operates in the intertropical waters of the three oceans, and annual catches amount to around 250,000 tonnes