State Dependence in Labour Force Participation of Married Women in Japan

This paper investigates state dependence in labour participation by married women in Japan. We statistically investigate whether ’true’ state dependence, in which preferences, abilities, or constraints on future decisions are altered by experiencing certain events, exists in the choice between regular and non-regular work (part-time, contract, or other non-regular work). The empirical results suggest significant true state dependence for the choice of regular and non-regular work. This significant effect of true state dependence on regular work justifies ’stepping stone’ policies from nonparticipation or non-regular work to regular work or ’maintenance’ policies to support participation in temporary non-regular work. On the other hand, the significant effect of true state dependence on non-regular work indicates that non-regular work constrains the ability or preference of married women to participate in regular work. In this sense, non-regular work is exclusionary. This result suggests that policies are needed to support the movement of non-regular workers into regular work.Multinomial ; Labour ; Participation ; State dependence ; Stepping stone

Cross-validating administrative and survey datasets through microsimulation and the assessment of a tax reform in Luxembourg

Using EUROMOD, we cross-validate two types of micro-data presently available in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, administrative data on one hand and survey data on the other hand. While administrative data, extracted from the recently implemented Social Security Data Warehouse, contain information of the whole population of Luxembourg (449,000 observations) in 2003, survey data, extracted from the Luxembourg household panel PSELL3/EU-SILC for 2004 (incomes from 2003), is a representative sample of around 3,600 private households (9,800 individuals) living in Luxembourg with detailed information on incomes, household structure and other socio-economic dimensions. As a concrete application of this cross-validation, we analyze the 2001-2002 tax reform in Luxembourg. The main aspects of this reform are the reduction of the number of the tax brackets and the fall of the maximal marginal tax rate (from 46% in 2000 to 42% in 2001 and to 38% in 2002). The distributional effects of the tax reform are measured in terms of losers and winners, change in inequalities and poverty rates. The results issued from different types of input data are compared for cross-validation and allow us to emphasize methodological difficulties as well as to underline the advantages and limitations of each dataset.EUROMOD ; Microsimulation ; Tax reform ; Validation

Proposed Thermal Circuit Model for the Cost Effective Design of Fin FET

The Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) device has been rapidly evolving and its size has been drastically decreasing ever since it was first fabricated in 1960 [Us Patent 3,356,858: 1967]. The substantial reduction in the CMOS device size has led to short channel effects which have resulted in the introduction of Fin Field Effect Transistor (FinFET), a tri-gate transistor built on a silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate. Furthermore, due to the geometry of the FinFET the severity of the heating problem has dramatically increased. Self-heating in the 3-dimensional FinFET device enhances the temperature gradients and peak temperature, which decrease drive current, increase the interconnect delays and degrade the device and interconnect reliability. In this work we have proposed a methodology to develop an accurate thermal model for the FinFET through a rigorous physics-based mathematical approach. A thermal circuit for the FinFET will be derived from the model. This model will allow chip designers to predict interconnect temperature which will lead them to achieve cost-effective design for the FinFET-based semiconductor chips. Keywords: Bulk CMOS, SOI CMOS, FinFET, Thermal heating

CARBON NANOTUBE: IMPLEMENTATION OF CARBON NANOTUBE IN SUPERCAPACITOR

This paper deals with the implementation of carbon nanotube as electrode in supercapacitor to store much more energy .the author also consults with the problem may face and try to resolve the problems

Dynamic labour force participation of married women in Sweden

This paper analyzes the inter-temporal labor force participation behavior of married women in Sweden. A dynamic probit model is applied, controlling for endogenous initial condition and unobserved heterogeneity, using longitudinal data to allow for a rich dynamic structure. Significant unobserved heterogeneity is found, along with serial correlation in the error components, and negative state dependence. The findings may indicate serial persistence due to persistent individual heterogeneity

A Dynamic Tobit Model of Female Labor Supply

A dynamic Tobit model is applied to longitudinal data to estimate the hours of work of married women in Sweden during 1992-2001. Hours of work are found to be negatively related to fertility. Other characteristics of married women are also found to have an effect on labor supply. Inter- temporal labor supply decisions seemed to be characterized by a substantial amount of unobserved heterogeneity, first order state dependence and serially correlated error components. The findings suggest that the first order state dependence and unobserved heterogeneity are very sensitive to the initial condition

Essays on Labor Supply and Poverty: A microeconometric application

This thesis consists of four papers in applied micro econometrics. The first paper evaluates the discrete choice labor supply Model by Monte Carlo experiment. The 2nd paper investigates the relationships between participation decisions and both the fertility decision and women’s non-labor income. The third paper analyses the relationship between hours of work and fertility The first paper is based on Monte Carlo simulation in order to evaluate the properties of discrete choice labor supply model. The data is generated by a continuous model and a discrete choice model is estimated assuming a translog utility function. The robustness of the results for different number of points in the discrete choice set, as well as for measurement errors in income and hours are compared. The discrete model produces similar results as the ‘true’ continuous model and apart from large measurement errors in hours these results are robust. The second paper analyzes the inter-temporal labor force participation behavior of married women in Sweden. A dynamic probit model is applied, controlling for endogenous initial condition and unobserved heterogeneity, using longitudinal data to allow for a rich dynamic structure. Significant unobserved heterogeneity is found, along with serial correlation in the error components, and negative state dependence. The findings may indicate serial persistence due to persistent individual heterogeneity. The third paper investigates the dynamic effects of having children on women’s hours of work decision. A dynamic Tobit model is applied to longitudinal data to estimate the hours of work of married women in Sweden during 1992-2001. Hours of work are found to be negatively related to fertility. Other characteristics of married women are also found to have an effect on labor supply. Inter- temporal labor supply decisions seemed to be characterized by a substantial amount of unobserved heterogeneity, first order state dependence and serially correlated error components. The findings suggest that the first order state dependence and unobserved heterogeneity are very sensitive to the initial condition. The fourth paper focuses on the persistency of poverty in rural and urban households in Ethiopia by estimating dynamic probit models. The empirical results find that the risk of poverty increases with the number of household’s size. The results also find that the land size is highly correlated (negatively) with the risk of poverty. The most important cash crops (Coffee and Chat) has significant role in the alleviation of poverty in Ethiopia. The effect of true state dependence and transitory shocks in poverty persistency appears to be stronger among urban households than rural households

A Dynamic Tobit Model of Female Labor Supply

A dynamic Tobit model is applied to longitudinal data to estimate the hours of work of married women in Sweden during 1992-2001. Hours of work are found to be negatively related to fertility. Other characteristics of married women are also found to have an effect on labor supply. Inter- temporal labor supply decisions seemed to be characterized by a substantial amount of unobserved heterogeneity, first order state dependence and serially correlated error components. The findings suggest that the first order state dependence and unobserved heterogeneity are very sensitive to the initial condition.Female labor supply; state dependence; heterogeneity; dynamic Tobit