Prevalence of Insomnia among University Students in South Asian Region: A Systematic Review of Studies

Introduction: Insomnia is a global health problem among university students which is associated with various psychiatric problems like depression and anxiety. While different developed and developing countries assessed the prevalence of insomnia in youth, there is currently no systematic review of studies on the prevalence of insomnia in South Asia. Aims: The aim of this study is to systematically review the evidence relating to the prevalence rate of insomnia in university students in South Asian countries. Methods: Electronic searches of three databases, PubMed, Cochrane library and Worldwide science were performed from 2010 to 2020 before April. In total, six studies were included for evaluating insomnia in South Asian region among university students. Result: The prevalence rates of insomnia of the six studies ranged between 35.4% (95%CI: 32.4-38.5%) and 70% (95%CI: 65.7-74.1%). The pooled prevalence of insomnia among university students was 49.1% (95%CI: 38.1-60.2%). Conclusion: This review emphasized that insomnia in university students might be a common health issue to give full concentration to their studies and academic performance thus, more attention should be given to the determinants of insomnia among university students, so that it could be helpful to identify the main causes of insomnia and effective measures could be taken. &nbsp

Exfoliation mechanisms of 2D materials and their applications

Due to the strong in-plane but weak out-of-plane bonding, it is relatively easy to separate nanosheets of two-dimensional (2D) materials from their respective bulk crystals. This exfoliation of 2D materials can yield large 2D nanosheets, hundreds of micrometers wide, that can be as thin as one or a few atomic layers thick. However, the underlying physical mechanisms unique to each exfoliation technique can produce a wide distribution of defects, yields, functionalization, lateral sizes, and thicknesses, which can be appropriate for specific end applications. The five most commonly used exfoliation techniques include micromechanical cleavage, ultrasonication, shear exfoliation, ball milling, and electrochemical exfoliation. In this review, we present an overview of the field of 2D material exfoliation and the underlying physical mechanisms with emphasis on progress over the last decade. The beneficial characteristics and shortcomings of each exfoliation process are discussed in the context of their functional properties to guide the selection of the best technique for a given application. Furthermore, an analysis of standard applications of exfoliated 2D nanosheets is presented including their use in energy storage, electronics, lubrication, composite, and structural applications. By providing detailed insight into the underlying exfoliation mechanisms along with the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, this review intends to guide the reader toward the appropriate batch-scale exfoliation techniques for a wide variety of industrial applications

Classifying Bengali Newspaper Headlines with Advanced Deep Learning Models: LSTM, Bi-LSTM, and Bi-GRU Approaches

Reading newspapers is beneficial for people of all ages and the global community. The enjoyment of gathering diverse data from various sources adds to the overall experience. To enhance specificity in Bengali news headlines, recognizing the news genre becomes crucial. Recognizing the genre of the news, it is a very challenging task in Bengali Text Classification with the help of AI. A very few research works is done on Bengali News headline classification and we have done a model to provide a solution to the addressed issue. Due to the continuous change of the structure of the news headlines, we have employed a neural network adoption connection to our methodology experiment on a mixture of primary and secondary dataset. Achieving significant results, we implemented a Bengali dataset in Multi Classification using Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), Bi- Long-Short Term Memory (Bi-LSTM), and Bi-Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi-GRU). The dataset is established by aggregating news headlines from various Bengali news portals and websites, showcasing robust categorization performance in the end product. Six categories were employed for the classification of Bengali newspaper headlines. The Bi-LSTM Model emerged with the highest training accuracy at 97.96% and the lowest validation accuracy at 77.91%. Furthermore, it demonstrated enhanced sensitivity and specificity

Coping with the COVID‐19 pandemic by strengthening immunity as a nonpharmaceutical intervention: A major public health challenge

Abstract Background and Aims The global Coronavirus‐2 outbreak has emerged as a significant threat to majority of individuals around the world. The most effective solution for addressing this viral outbreak is through vaccination. Simultaneously, the virus's mutation capabilities pose a potential risk to the effectiveness of both vaccines and, in certain instances, newly developed drugs. Conversely, the human body's immune system exhibits a robust ability to combat viral outbreaks with substantial confidence, as evidenced by the ratio of fatalities to affected individuals worldwide. Hence, an alternative strategy to mitigate this pandemic could involve enhancing the immune system's resilience. Methods The research objective of the review is to acquire a comprehensive understanding of the role of inflammation and immunity in COVID‐19. The pertinent literature concerning immune system functions, the impact of inflammation against viruses like SARS‐CoV‐2, and the connection between nutritional interventions, inflammation, and immunity was systematically explored. Results Enhancing immune function involves mitigating the impact of key factors that negatively influence the immune response. Strengthening the immune system against emerging diseases can be achieved through nonpharmaceutical measures such as maintaining a balanced nutrition, engaging in regular exercise, ensuring adequate sleep, and managing stress. Conclusion This review aims to convey the significance of and provide recommendations for immune‐strengthening strategies amidst the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic

Psychosocial Impact of Covid-19 among Bangladeshi Young Adults (18-34 years): An Online-Based Cross-Sectional Study

COVID-19 pandemic is at the fourth stage of boundless local transmission in Bangladesh. The objective of this study was to assess the psychosocial impact of Covid-19 on adult Bangladeshi population. An online-based cross-sectional study was performed among 213 Bangladeshi young adults aged between 18 and 34 years. More than 90% of participants were responded to possess a good awareness of Covid-19. However, the behavioral characteristics of young individuals in Bangladesh were not impressive. In this cohort, 24.4% of participants showed moderate change and 5.2%-little changes in their behavior due to COVID 19. Approximately 58.2% of participants had some symptoms of mental distress while 59.7% of participants were somewhat worried about COVID 19. In order to control the spread of Covid-19, existing unconsciousness in young adult could turn this situation into a disaster throughout the nation which therefore must be understood by the government and policymakers to incorporate successful measures

Assessing Nutritional Status and Functionality in Geriatric Population of Bangladesh: The Hidden Epidemic of Geriatric Malnutrition

The average life expectancy of the Bangladeshi population has risen over the last decade due to economic growth and improved medical care. Although the increased number of older adults and their health is a significant concern, there is scarce of data regarding that. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the association between nutritional status and functional ability among selected Bangladeshi geriatric populations living in their homes. Of 400 participants, the prevalence of malnutrition, and people at risk of malnutrition was 25.4% and 58.8%, respectively. Furthermore, almost 80% of participants are dependent in terms of activities of daily living. High risk of falling ( OR  = 10.82; 95% CI: 5.85–20.37; p  ≤ .001), limited activities of daily living (IADL) ( OR  = 6.21; 95% CI: 4.02–9.58; p  ≤ .001), along with dependency in performing IADL ( OR  = 4.48; 95% CI: 2.83–7.06; p  ≤ .001) are significantly associated with malnutrition. Geriatric malnutrition can accelerate disability conditions, leading to early functional aging