The History, present state, and future prospects of the Asian College of Psychosomatic Medicine (ACPM)

The Asian College of Psychosomatic Medicine (ACPM) was founded as the Asian Chapter of the International College of Psychosomatic Medicine (ICPM-AC) in Tokyo on April 12, 1982

Embedded oxide semiconductor memories: A key enabler for low- power ULSI

Oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (OSFETs) have been actively developed for display applications. The off-state current in an OSFET is more than ten orders of magnitude lower than that in a Si-FET [1]. Displays using OSFET backplanes achieve low power consumption through idling-stop (IDS) driving [2], which dramatically decreases the refresh rate when the flame image is static. The extremely low off-state current of the OSFET is applicable not only to displays but to various other applications. Recently, OSFET technology has been applied to ULSI memory [3-6]. When used as a pass transistor connected to a storage node (SN), an OSFET allows the long-time retention of electric charge in the SN. Unlike conventional DRAM, the memory with OSFET eliminates the need for frequent refresh operations and reduces the refresh power. Furthermore, the memory can perform power gating (PG) in the idle state, solving the problem of leakage power observed in conventional SRAM. Thus, OSFETs enable low-power ULSI. Please click on the link below for the full conten

'Money markets and trade’ defining provincial financial agents in England and Japan

The paper aims to offer an introduction to provincial financial agents as the key components in provincial-metropolitan integration of money markets. It establishes that PFAs engaged in de facto banking and played an important role in local money markets. Both in England and in Tokugawa Japan, they were responsible for making decisions whether or not to establish a connection with financial agents in the commercial centres. The paper also considers some of the financial services facilitated by the existence of financial connections between metropolitan and provincial financial agents. In both countries, remittances and (particularly in England) investment were important financial activities facilitated by such connections, while bill-rediscounting appears to have been relevant only in the English case. On the other hand, in Japan domain-related business activity forged financial links with the commercial centres, links in which provincial financial agents played a major role. Also the expansion of inter-domainal private trade may have further stimulated the inter-regional financial linkages in the late Tokugawa period