Development of disaster prevention education video and teaching materials on the theme of local natural disasters: Joint research between Higashi-Hiroshima City and Hiroshima University triggered by the heavy rains in western Japan in July 2018

In this paper, we introduce the production of a disaster prevention education video based on the natural disasters of Higashi-Hiroshima City, and the proposal of lessons using the video through joint research between Higashi-Hiroshima City and Hiroshima University. Introducing the efforts of this project would be help develop disaster prevention education materials in other areas. The project was adopted in early June 2019 and continued for 9 months. The materials are intended for the upper grades of elementary school. The contents are as follows: disaster prevention education video, lesson plan using video, worksheets for lesson, debris flow distribution map, and disaster photos caused by the 2018 heavy rain in each elementary school district, and City hazard map. The video was created by collecting interviews with local residents, movies and photographs of flood monuments, debris flow, public assistance, and local-organized assistance. From the questionnaire results for the video to junior high school students, the video’s content was highly evaluated. It is suggested that it is necessary to raise awareness of disaster prevention by giving lessons based on local natural disasters such as the materials.本論文の内容の一部は，2020年度地理科学学会秋季学術大会で口頭発表しました

RELEVANCE OF MOLECULAR TESTS FOR HTLV-1 INFECTION AS CONFIRMATORY TESTS AFTER THE FIRST SERO-SCREENING

The diagnosis of human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection has been widely examined by serologics. In the first screening tests, serological false negative and positive samples have been reduced thanks to advances in assay techniques that apply new emission agents and sensors. On the other hand, western blot (WB) remains problematic. For example, WB analysis yields many samples equivalent to antibody positive ones. To reduce the need for WB, an alternative testing strategy is required to detect HTLV-1 infection. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the HTLV-1 provirus has recently been recommended for a final diagnosis of infection. However, although PCR is thought to be one element, the validation of detection performance for HTLV-1 infection between serological and molecular testing is not always clear. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and test the validity of an improved methodology for serological detection of HTLV-infection, as well as that of PCR. In conclusion, the high values of kappa-statistics are expected to deliver high quality in chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (or chemiluminescent immunoassay), while the problems with WB assays remain to be elucidated. As an alternative to WB, a combination of real-time qPCR and nested PCR is proposed as a suitable confirmatory test

モンテカルロ法を用いたVero4DRTに対する線量検証システムの開発

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第18877号医博第3988号新制||医||1008(附属図書館)31828京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 武田 俊一, 教授 富樫 かおり, 教授 増永 慎一郎学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Social studies learning to foster international quality (3) : Research on curriculum in social studies to developing "material-application-ability" and "social-participating-ability"

国際化や情報化が進展する現代社会において, 子どもたちに, 「他者との関係を平和的に形成するために必要な人としての資質」, つまり「国際的な資質」を育成することが重要であると考え研究を進めてきた。そのためには, 「観察力」「批判力・推理力」「社会的判断力」を計画的・系統的に身につけさせるとともに, それらを活用する力である「社会参画力｣を育成する必要がある。育成に当たっては, 第3学年から第9学年で学習する必修社会科に加え, 第5学年以上の学年に選択社会科を特設して取り組んだ。本研究の成果としては, 様々な情報を有効に活用しながら社会事象を多角的・多面的にとらえる力を子どもたちにつけることができたこと, そして, 地域の行事など実社会と直接かかわる学習を開発することを通して, 子どもたちは, 「社会を知る」「社会を分かる」ようになったことである。しかし, 「分かった」社会の中に自分がどのように位置づいており, 周りとどのように関わっているのか, また, 自分がこれから社会にどのように関わり社会を形成していけばいいのか, その道筋について考えさせる取り組みが今後の課題である

Fostering competences in global age through social studies (5) : Focusing on reconstruction of learners' thinking in the class.

国際化や情報化が進展する現代社会においては, 他者・多国との価値観の違いを認め, お互いの関係を平和的に形成する資質, すなわち国際的な資質が必要となってくる。そのためには, 自分の思考をより科学的なものへと再構成していくことが重要となる。思考を再構成するために, 「観察力」「批判力・推理力」「社会的判断力」の4つの育成すべき力を設定した。子どもたちが, これらの4つの力を高め思考を再構成していくために「子どもたちの既有知識・理解を揺さぶる学習内容と発問」「新しい知識・理解体系を推理させる」「他者と自分の思考を比較させたり, 自分の思考・判断過程をふりかえらせ記述させたりする」などの方略をもとに単元開発を行った。本研究の成果として, 子どもたちは様々な資料を比較したり関連づけたりしながら, より科学的な思考を行い適切な判断ができるようになってきた。今後の課題としては, より子どもの既有知識・理解を子どもたち自身が把握できるツール選定や, 広く深く正しい思考を促すためのノートのありかたや話し合いの仕方など社会科における言語活動の在り方等について研究していく

Commissioning and quality assurance of Dynamic WaveArc irradiation

A novel three-dimensional unicursal irradiation technique "Dynamic WaveArc" (DWA), which employs simultaneous and continuous gantry and O-ring rotation during dose delivery, has been implemented in Vero4DRT. The purposes of this study were to develop a commissioning and quality assurance procedure for DWA irradiation, and to assess the accuracy of the mechanical motion and dosimetric control of Vero4DRT. To determine the mechanical accuracy and the dose accuracy with DWA irradiation, 21 verification test patterns with various gantry and ring rotational directions and speeds were generated. These patterns were irradiated while recording the irradiation log data. The differences in gantry position, ring position, and accumulated MU (EG, ER, and EMU, respectively) between the planned and actual values in the log at each time point were evaluated. Furthermore, the doses delivered were measured using an ionization chamber and spherical phantom. The constancy of radiation output during DWA irradiation was examined by comparison with static beam irradiation. The mean absolute error (MAE) of EG and ER were within 0.1° and the maximum error was within 0.2°. The MAE of EMU was within 0.7 MU, and maximum error was 2.7 MU. Errors of accumulated MU were observed only around control points, changing gantry, and ring velocity. The gantry rotational range, in which EMU was greater than or equal to 2.0 MU, was not greater than 3.2%. It was confirmed that the extent of the large differences in accumulated MU was negligibly small during the entire irradiation range. The variation of relative output value for DWA irradiation was within 0.2%, and this was equivalent to conventional arc irradiation with a rotating gantry. In conclusion, a verification procedure for DWA irradiation was designed and implemented. The results demonstrated that Vero4DRT has adequate mechanical accuracy and beam output constancy during gantry and ring rotation

Evaluation of Dynamic Tumor-tracking Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is now regarded as an important treatment option for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). To reduce the underlying tumor motions and dosimetric errors during IMRT as well as the burden of respiratory management for patients, we started to apply a new treatment platform of the dynamic tumor dynamic tumor-tracking intensity-modulated radiotherapy (DTT-IMRT) using the gimbaled linac, which can swing IMRT toward the real-time tumor position under patients’ voluntary breathing. Between June 2013 and March 2015, ten patients were treated, and the tumor-tracking accuracy and the practical benefits were evaluated. The mean PTV size in DTT-IMRT was 18% smaller than a conventional ITV-based PTV. The root-mean-squared errors between the predicted and the detected tumor positions were 1.3, 1.2, and 1.5 mm in left-right, anterior-posterior, and cranio-caudal directions, respectively. The mean in-room time was 24.5 min. This high-accuracy of tumor-tracking with reasonable treatment time are promising and beneficial to patients with LAPC