Natural variation in flavonol accumulation in Arabidopsis is determined by the flavonol glucosyltransferase BGLU6.

Ishihara H, Tohge T, Viehöver P, Fernie AR, Weisshaar B, Stracke R. Natural variation in flavonol accumulation in Arabidopsis is determined by the flavonol glucosyltransferase BGLU6. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2016;67(5):1505-1517

Association between Mammographic Breast Density and Lifestyle in Japanese Women

A high mammographic breast density is considered to be a risk factor for breast cancer. However, only a small number of studies on the association between breast density and lifestyle have been performed. A cross-sectional study was performed using a survey with 29 questions on life history and lifestyle. The breast density on mammography was classified into 4 categories following the BI-RADS criteria. The subjects were 522 women with no medical history of breast cancer. The mean age was 53.3 years old. On multivariate analysis, only BMI was a significant factor determining breast density in premenopausal women (parameter estimate, －0.403;p value, 0.0005), and the density decreased as BMI rose. In postmenopausal women, BMI (parameter estimate, －0.196;p value, 0.0143) and number of deliveries (parameter estimate, －0.388;p value, 0.0186) were significant factors determining breast density;breast density decreased as BMI and number of deliveries increased. Only BMI and number of deliveries were identified as factors significantly influencing breast density. BMI was inversely correlated with breast density before and after menopause, whereas the influence of number of deliveries on breast density was significant only in postmenopausal women in their 50 and 60s

Effects of lifestyle and single nucleotide polymorphisms on breast cancer risk: a case-control study in Japanese women

Background: Lifestyle factors, including food and nutrition, physical activity, body composition and reproductive factors, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with breast cancer risk, but few studies of these factors have been performed in the Japanese population. Thus, the goals of this study were to validate the association between reported SNPs and breast cancer risk in the Japanese population and to evaluate the effects of SNP genotypes and lifestyle factors on breast cancer risk. Methods: A case-control study in 472 patients and 464 controls was conducted from December 2010 to November 2011. Lifestyle was examined using a self-administered questionnaire. We analyzed 16 breast cancer-associated SNPs based on previous GWAS or candidate-gene association studies. Age or multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated from logistic regression analyses. Results: High BMI and current or former smoking were significantly associated with an increased breast cancer risk, while intake of meat, mushrooms, yellow and green vegetables, coffee, and green tea, current leisure-time exercise, and education were significantly associated with a decreased risk. Three SNPs were significantly associated with a breast cancer risk in multivariate analysis: rs2046210 (per allele OR = 1.37 [95% CI: 1.11-1.70]), rs3757318 (OR = 1.33[1.05-1.69]), and rs3803662 (OR = 1.28 [1.07-1.55]). In 2046210 risk allele carriers, leisure-time exercise was associated with a significantly decreased risk for breast cancer, whereas current smoking and high BMI were associated with a significantly decreased risk in non-risk allele carriers. Conclusion: In Japanese women, rs2046210 and 3757318 located near the ESR1 gene are associated with a risk of breast cancer, as in other Asian women. However, our findings suggest that exercise can decrease this risk in allele carriers

Coronary angioscopic findings 9 months after everolimus-eluting stent implantation compared with sirolimus-eluting stents

AbstractObjectivesWe assessed angioscopic findings after everolimus-eluting stents (EES) implantation, compared with sirolimus-eluting stents (SES).BackgroundCoronary angioscopy (CAS) provides an opportunity to assess neointimal coverage over stent struts, thrombus, and plaque color by direct visualization. CAS is a useful tool for evaluating stent struts after drug-eluting stent implantation. Angioscopic findings after EES implantation have not been reported before.MethodsWe performed CAS in 23 patients who were treated with EES and 41 patients with SES. CAS was performed 8.5 months after stent implantation. We assessed neointimal coverage, thrombus, and plaque color. We classified neointimal coverage in 4 grades: grade 0=struts were completely exposed; grade 1=struts were visible with dull light reflexion; grade 2=there was no light reflexion from slightly visible struts; grade 3=struts were completely covered.ResultsThere was no significant difference in minimum, maximum, dominant grade of neointimal coverage, and heterogeneity index between EES and SES. Thrombus was less frequently observed in EES than SES (4% vs 29%, p=0.02). When we divided study patients into acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or stable angina pectoris (SAP), there was a tendency toward less thrombus in EES than SES, in both ACS and SAP. Maximum color grade of the plaques was less advanced in EES than SES (p<0.01). Yellow plaques of grade 2 or 3 were less frequent in EES than SES (35% vs 76%, p<0.01).ConclusionsThis study suggested that EES were associated with lower risk of thrombus formation than SES