ヒト間葉系幹細胞はエオタキシン3/CCR3経路を介して前立腺癌細胞の浸潤能を増加させる

This study aimed to clarify the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a component of the cancer microenvironment. We investigated the homing-related chemokine expression levels of MSCs treated with a prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) -conditioned medium. Among several homing chemokines, an antibody array revealed that expression of eotaxin-3 (but not eotxin-1 and -2) was highly enhanced in MSCs treated with PC-3-conditioned medium. A gene expression array showed significantly increased expression of CCR3, a receptor of eotaxin-3, in PC-3. In a matrigel invasion assay, interferon-gamma, a specific inhibitor of eotaxin-related homing, significantly reduced the transmigration of PC-3 cells, under co-cultured condition with MSCs, in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Consistent with these results, anti-CCR3 antibody successfully reduced PC-3 migration under the co-cultured condition. These findings suggest that MSCs to modulation of the invasive potential of prostate cancer cells via the eotaxin-3/CCR3 axis.博士（医学）・乙第1424号・平成30年11月30日© 2018 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved

Detection and Typing of Genital High-Risk HPV DNAs in Cervical Scrapes Using the E6E7-Specific Consensus PCR

Specific types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are closely associated with the development of genital carcinomas. We previousy reported a PCR method which amplifies the E6E7 sequence from 6 different high-risk genital HPVs (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 52 and 58) (J Gen Virol 1991, 72 : 1039-1044.). To amplify broader types of genital high-risk HPVs, we have modified our consensus primers by extending 9 nucleotides at the 3 end of the sense primer and changing 5 nucleotides at the 5 end of the anitisense primer. Genotype diag-nosis was carried out by AvaII plus Rsal digestion. This modified PCR method enabled the detection of trace levels of at least 11 types of genital high-risk HPVs (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56 and 58), at subpicogram to sub-nanogram amounts of cloned DNA, amplified after the consensus PCR. We applied this method to analyze 155 cervical scrapes from patients who had been diagnosed with premalignant or malignant cervical lesions. HPVs were detected in 63.0% of mild dysplasia (17/27), 100% of moderate dysplasia (all 12 cases), 91.7% of severe dysplasia (11/12), 95.8% of carcinoma in situ (23/24), and 80.0% of invasive cervical cancer (52/65). HPV16 was present predominant-ly (60.9%), followed by HPV58 (153%), HPV52 (13.9%), HPV31 (13.0%), HPV18 (6.1%), HPV35 (2.6%), HPV51 (2.6%), HPV56 (2.6%), HPV33 (1.7%) and HPV39 (1.7%). Five cases contained unclassified types (4.3%). The results indicate that this modified E6E7 consensus PCR method provides a quick and easy way to detect and diagnose genotypes of the high-risk genital HPVs from scraped cells

The Double Polymerase Chain Reaction with Consensus Primers Permits Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Genital Human Papillomavirus Oncogenes

We have developed a sensitive procedure for the detection of relatively low copy numbers of multiple genital human papillomaviruses (HPVs) using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HPV DNAs were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining after 2 rounds of PCR amplification (double PCR) with outer and inner consensus primer pairs for HPV-6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 52, and 58. The detection limit of this method (i. e., 10?? copy of HPV DNA per cell in 1 μg cell DNA) was sufficient for analysis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) specimens. Overall prevalence rate of HPV was 100% in 20 cases of CIN specimens. HPV typing by restriction enzyme analysis revealed that HPV-16 sequence was present in 11 cases, HPV-18 in 1 case, HPV-31 in 4 cases, HPV-33 in 1 case, HPV-52 in 2 cases, HPV-58 in 3 cases, and an unidentified type(s) in 3 cases. There were 4 cases of mixed infections. This procedure obviates the use of hybridization- based for-mat for identification of at least 8 types of HPV sequences present in a small fraction of cells within a heterogeneous population

Muscle Activity Pattern with A Shifted Center of Pressure during the Squat Exercise

The squat excise is a fundamental movement in athletic training and rehabilitation. In this study, we measured muscle activities in a normal squat posture (NSP) and a squat posture with the center of foot pressure (COP) intentionally shifted forward as far as possible (FSP). Ten healthy men performed double-limb squats, adopting the NSP and FSP, with three knee flexion angles (30, 60, and 90 degrees). The muscle activities of the vastus medialis (VM), semitendinosus (ST), tibialis anterior (TA), and gastrocnemius muscle lateral head (GL) were measured using surface electromyography, and activity patterns were analyzed. Compared to that for the NSP, the COP was significantly shifted forward in the FSP by at least 30% of the foot length for all knee flexion angles (p < 0.05). At all knee flexion angles, VM muscle activity significantly decreased, while GL muscle activity increased, in the FSP compared to that for the NSP (p < 0.05). In addition, ST muscle activity increased significantly in the FSP compared to that for the NSP at knee flexion angles of 30 and 60 degrees (p < 0.05). TA muscle activity significantly decreased in the FSP compared to that for the NSP at only 90 degrees of knee flexion (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that muscle activity patterns vary significantly according to squat posture. Thus, the active control of the COP position during the squat can be a new training approach in targeting specific muscle groups

スクワット運動における圧中心の移動による筋活動パターン

The squat exercise is a fundamental movement in athletic training and rehabilitation. In this study, we measured muscle activities in a normal squat posture (NSP) and a squat posture with the center of foot pressure (COP) intentionally shifted forward as far as possible (FSP). Ten healthy men performed double-limb squats, adopting the NSP and FSP, with three knee flexion angles (30, 60, and 90 degrees). The muscle activities of the vastus medialis (VM), semitendinosus (ST), tibialis anterior (TA), and gastrocnemius muscle lateral head (GL) were measured using surface electromyography, and activity patterns were analyzed. Compared to that for the NSP, the COP was significantly shifted forward in the FSP by at least 30% of the foot length for all knee flexion angles (p < 0.05). At all knee flexion angles, VM muscle activity significantly decreased, while GL muscle activity increased, in the FSP compared to that for the NSP (p < 0.05). In addition, ST muscle activity increased significantly in the FSP compared to that for the NSP at knee flexion angles of 30 and 60 degrees (p < 0.05). TA muscle activity significantly decreased in the FSP compared to that for the NSP at only 90 degrees of knee flexion (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that muscle activity patterns vary significantly according to squat posture. Thus, the active control of the COP position during the squat can be a new training approach in targeting specific muscle groups.博士（医学）・甲第723号・令和元年12月5日©Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (2019)This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License CreativeCommons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Heart wall is thicker on postmortem computed tomography than on antemortem [corrected] computed tomography: the first longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the postmortem changes of the heart wall on postmortem (PM) computed tomography (CT) in comparison with those on ante mortem CT (AMCT), and in comparison with the pathological findings, obtained in the same patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 57 consecutive patients who had undergone AMCT, PMCT, and pathological autopsy in our tertiary care hospital between April 2009 and December 2010. PMCT was performed within 20 hours after death, followed by pathological autopsy. The cardiac chambers were measured at five sites on both AMCT and PMCT by two board-certified radiologists who were not provided with clinical information. The differences in heart wall thickness between AMCT with and without contrast medium, between AMCT and PMCT, and between PMCT and pathological anatomy were evaluated statistically. Confounding factors of postmortem change such as gender, presence of arteriosclerosis, the organ related to cause of death, age, and elapsed time since death were examined statistically. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed on AMCT in comparison of contrasted and non-contrasted images. The heart wall was significantly thicker on PMCT than on AMCT (p < 0.0001) at all five measurement sites. The heart wall was significantly thicker on PMCT than on pathology specimens when measured in accordance with pathological standard mensuration. However, no significant difference was observed between PMCT measurements and those of pathology specimens at any site when the papillary muscles and epicardial fat were included. No significant association was found between postmortem change in heart wall thickness and gender, presence of arteriosclerosis, the organ related to cause of death, age, or elapsed time since death. CONCLUSION: This is the first longitudinal study to confirm greater thickness of heart wall on postmortem images compared with ante mortem images, in the same patients. Furthermore, the postmortem changes on CT were supported by the pathological findings