ヒト白血病K562細胞におけるアドリアマイシン作用のクレモフォールELによる修飾

Adriamycin and paclitaxel are simultaneously used for cancer treatment in some cases. The formula of paclitaxel contains cremophor EL as a solvent. Since this solvent exerts diverse biological actions, the modification of adriamycin action by cremophor EL has been studied on human leukemia K562 cells. Cremophor EL did not significantly affect the concentration-response relation for antiproliferative action of adriamycin and the cell cycle changed by adriamycin. However, the induction of morphological change by adriamycin was significantly augmented by cremophor EL. The simultaneous application of cremophor EL increased the intensity of fluorescence from adriamycin trapped inside the cells in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting an increase in intracellular concentration of adriamycin by cremophor EL. Adriamycin alone at concentrations higher than those to completely inhibit the growth induced morphological change in K562 cells. Therefore, cremophor EL may potentiate some of actions induced by adriamycin when adriamycin and paclitaxel are simultaneously applied

Antimicrobial prescription practices for outpatients with acute respiratory tract infections: A retrospective, multicenter, medical record-based study

Antimicrobial stewardship for outpatients with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) should be urgently promoted in this era of antimicrobial resistance. Previous large-sample studies were based on administrative data and had limited reliability. We aimed to identify current antimicrobial prescription practices for ARTIs by directly basing on medical records. This multicenter retrospective study was performed from January to December in 2018, at five medical institutes in Japan. We targeted outpatients aged >= 18 years whose medical records revealed International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes suggesting ARTIs. We divided the eligible cases into three age groups (18-64 years, 65-74 years, and >= 75 years). We defined broad-spectrum antimicrobials as third-generation cephalosporins, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and faropenem. Primary and secondary outcomes were defined as the proportion of antimicrobial prescriptions for the common cold and other respiratory tract infections, respectively. Totally, data of 3,940 patients were collected. Of 2,914 patients with the common cold, 369 (12.7%) were prescribed antimicrobials. Overall, compared to patients aged >= 75 years (8.5%), those aged 18-64 years (16.6%) and those aged 65-74 years (12.1%) were frequently prescribed antimicrobials for the common cold (odds ratio [95% confidential interval]; 2.15 [1.64-2.82] and 1.49 [1.06-2.09], respectively). However, when limited to cases with a valid diagnosis of the common cold by incorporating clinical data, no statistical difference was observed among the age groups. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials accounted for 90.2% of the antimicrobials used for the common cold. Of 1,026 patients with other respiratory infections, 1,018 (99.2%) were bronchitis, of which antimicrobials were prescribed in 49.9% of the cases. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials were the main agents prescribed, accounting for nearly 90% of prescriptions in all age groups. Our data suggested a favorable practice of antimicrobial prescription for outpatients with ARTIs in terms of prescribing proportions, or quantitative aspect. However, the prescriptions were biased towards broad-spectrum antimicrobials, highlighting the need for further antimicrobial stewardship in the outpatient setting from a qualitative perspective

Development of the Anger Coping Behaviors Style Scale for High School Students

The reliability and validity of the Anger Coping Behaviors Style Scale for High School Students were examined in this study. In the analysis, we used the data of senior high school students in A Prefecture (n=3360) who had no missing values on the survey items. We extracted the following four factors using exploratory factor analysis: Support seeking, Situation analysis, Escape, and Violence. Then, we examined the factorial validity of the scale using confirmatory factor analysis, which indicated that an oblique factor model consisting of these four factors fitted the data（CFI: Comparative Fit Index=0.955, RMSEA: Root Mean Square Error of Approximation=0.070). The results of statistical analysis supported the reliability and validity of the Anger Coping Behaviors Style Scale for High School Students developed in this study

Effects of Zn2+ chelators, DTPA and TPEN, and ZnCl2 on the cells treated with hydrogen peroxide: a flow-cytometric study using rat thymocytes

Recently, we have revealed that trace Zn2+ partly attenuates Ca2+-dependent cell death induced by A23187, a calcium ionophore, in rat thymocytes. In this study, to see if Zn2+ attenuates the H2O2-induced cell death that is also Ca2+-dependent, the effects of ZnCl2 and chelators for Zn2+ have been examined by using a flowcytometer with propidium iodide. The incubation with H2O2 increased the cell lethality. Simultaneous application of ZnCl2 greatly augmented the H2O2-induced increase in lethality. DTPA, a chelator for extracellular Zn2+, did not affect the increase in cell lethality by H2O2. However, the H2O2-induced increase in cell lethality was greatly attenuated by TPEN, a chelator for extracellular and intracellular Zn2+. Taken together, it may be likely that intracellular Zn2+ modifies the H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. However, it cannot be ruled out the possibility that TPEN chelates intracellular Fe2+, resulting in inhibiting the formation of hydroxyl radical from H2O2 that leads to an attenuation of H2O2 cytotoxicity

A Study of Cooperation of a Kindergarten and an Elementary School for Through Practice Teaching Guidance In Kindergarten : Attention to the Relation of a Teacher Bringing up Will to Learn by Voluntarily

本研究は，初等教育教員養成コースに所属している学生による幼稚園教育実習生が，幼小連携という観点から実習を行うことによる効果を考察することを目的とする。特に，今年度は幼稚園・小学校共通に求められる“自ら学ぶ意欲を育む”教師の支援のあり方に着目し，指導教員の指導のあり方を追究する。研究の方法としては，大学４年生の教育実習生と幼稚園指導教員を対象に質問紙調査を実施し，比較検討を行った。結果としては次の２点である。１点目の幼小の共通点としては，自ら学ぶ意欲を育むために，子どもに対する肯定的な声かけや，子どもの思いを丁寧に見取ろうとする真摯な姿勢などが大切であることが分かった。２点目の幼小の差異点としては，自ら学ぶ意欲を育むために，子どもの興味・関心を生かすことが大切だが，その生かし方に関しては，生かす場面やタイミングの違いなどがあるということが分かった。今後も子どもの興味を引き出す学習スタイルや指導方法に関しての研究を進めていくことが期待される。This study investigated changes of kindergarten teacher student teachers during teaching practice at the affiliated kindergarten. This report focused on the teachers’ support, which fostered children’s motivation to learn by themselves. Self-learning motivation is required even at elementary schools. Fourth grade university student answered some open-ended questions. The main findings are as follows: (1) It is important to observe and understand carefully what a child feels and thinks; (2) There are differences between kindergartens and elementary schools in the situation and timing of intervention for fostering children’s motivation to do something by themselves