Cobalt(II) Terpyridin-4′-yl Nitroxide Complex as an Exchange-Coupled Spin-Crossover Material

pin-crossover (SCO) was studied in [Co(L)2](CF3SO3)2, where L stands for diamagnetic 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine (tpy) and its paramagnetic derivative, 4′-{4-tert-butyl(N-oxy)aminophenyl}-substituted tpy (tpyphNO). The X-ray crystallographic analysis clarified the Co-N bond length change (Δd) in high- and low-temperature structures; Δdcentral = 0.12 and Δddistal = 0.05 Å between 90 and 400 K for L = tpy and Δdcentral = 0.11 and Δddistal = 0.06 Å between 90 and 300 K for L = tpyphNO. The low- and high-temperature structures can be assigned to approximate low- and high-spin states, respectively. The magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed that the χmT value of [Co(tpyphNO)2](CF3SO3)2 had a bias from that of [Co(tpy)2](CF3SO3)2 by the contribution of the two radical spins. The tpy compound showed a gradual SCO around 260 K and on cooling the χmT value displayed a plateau down to 2 K. On the other hand, the tpyphNO compound showed a relatively abrupt SCO at ca. 140 K together with a second decrease of the χmT value on further cooling below ca. 20 K. From the second decrease, Co-nitroxide exchange coupling was characterized as antiferromagnetic with 2JCo-rad/kB = −3.00(6) K in the spin-Hamiltonian H = −2JCo-rad(SCo·Srad1 + SCo·Srad2). The magnetic moment apparently switches double-stepwise as 1 μB ⇄ 3 μB ⇄ 5 μB by temperature stimulus

Turbulent Structures in Unsteady Open-Channel Flows

Turbulence measurements over a smooth wall in unsteady open-channel flows were conducted accurately by the simultaneous use of a two-component LDA system and water-wave gauges. The “ general ” log-law distributions, in which the von Karman constant is a universal one of χ=0.41 but the integration constant A is a function of main-flow conditions, were obeyed well in the wall region for both the rising and falling stages of flood. On the other hand, the log-wake law was reasonably applied to the outer region including the depth-varying zone. The Coles' wake parameter Π increased for the rising stage, whereas it decreased for the falling stage. The turbulence is stronger for the rising stage than for the falling stage, except for very near the free surface. These unsteady characteristics in open-channel flows with variation of the water surface are quite different from those in closed duct flows. Of particular significance is the findings counterclockwise loops of velocity and turbulence against the varying depth in unsteady open-channel flows

<em>Legionella</em> Pneumonia Due to Non-<em>Legionella pneumophila</em> Serogroup 1

Legionella pneumophila is one of the important pathogens in community-acquired (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia that can cause severe pneumonia. Early diagnosis and treatment of Legionella pneumonia (LP) are essential because inappropriate therapy for Legionella pneumonia has been reported to worsen the prognosis. The most frequently identified causative pathogen of Legionella pneumonia is Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. Legionella pneumonia due to non-Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 is seen in 20% of cases. In diagnosing Legionella pneumonia caused by non-Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, the urinary antigen test is usually negative; therefore, we need to suspect Legionella pneumonia by clinical information such as symptoms, vital signs, laboratory findings, and radiological findings. Based on our previous report, Legionella pneumonia due to non-Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 was a mild to severe pneumonia. In addition, in about half of the patients, we could not suspect Legionella pneumonia using a six-point scoring system, which is one of the diagnostic scoring systems. Recently, a new urinary antigen test kit that could theoretically diagnose Legionella pneumonia due to non-Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 was released in Japan. This can help in early diagnosis of Legionella pneumonia, including the one caused by non-Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1

APPLICATION OF BLENDED CEMENT IN SHOTCRETE TO

The application of blended cements in shotcrete is investigated to reduce the environmental burden. Reduction of the environmental burden and meeting the required properties of quick setting and strength development are achieved using blended cements with blast furnace slag and a powder accelerator with a main component of calcium sulfo-aluminate. The powder accelerator is hydro-reactive and promotes quick setting and strength development in shotcrete. The reduced environmental burden of shotcrete with blended cement and powder accelerator are calculated