The effect of the ignition dwell time at constant speed for CNGDI engine

The different of combustion characteristics of natural gas, gasoline and diesel in direct injection internal combustion engine requires different combinations of engine parameters to optimize the engine performance. Natural gas combustion requires a longer ignition delay time than most hydrocarbons, and has higher minimum ignition energy than gasoline. This is due to the strength of the carbon-hydrogen covalent bond in methane than contributes 90% in the natural gas. Therefore, the natural gas requires a high-voltage ignition system to ignite the air-fuel in the combustion chamber. This paper describes one important characteristics of ignition system, which is a dwell time, that influence the performance of compressed natural gas direct injection (CNGDI) engine. The affect of dwell time is discussed and analyse at a constant speed

A critical review of sustainable radio frequency identification (rfid)-based livestock monitoring and managemnet systems: towards quality products and practices

In the past few decades, technologies on smart farming have been introduced and implemented moderately. Issues such as food security, population growth, climate change, environmental impacts and economical problems have forced the relevant authorities to find new solutions to solve these problems. In this paper, a comprehensive view of the past, current and future RFID technologies are presented. These technologies could be integrated with other technologies such as wireless sensor network, cloud computing and other related technologies to make the process of identifying, tracing, tracking and monitoring individual livestock become more intelligent and productive

Determination of dynamic parameters for HSPICE IGBT model using curve-fitting optimisation method

The two important characteristics of an IGBT, which should be considered in device modelling, are the conduction (static) and the switching (dynamic) characteristics. The conduction characteristic parameters were discussed previously (Mariun et al, 1997) and here only the dynamic parameters are presented briefly to give background before detailed development of the model is presented. The curve-fitting optimisation method available in HSPICE is used to determine the model parameters and the results are compared with laboratory test results and are found to be in good agreement

Wireless energy monitoring in biped robot based on Xbee RF module

For mobile and humanoid robots, in the field of analysis, conservation, data monitoring,and management of the energy, the need of real time wireless communication for data to access and control is important. Wireless technology, which is widely used not only in close range but also in long range, is a technique which uses electronic components that can interface to the other devices. In this work, the energy sensors, such as voltage and current analogue sensors are connected to the XBee RF module directly to reduce the power consumption and the complexity. The wireless XBee RF module together with the sensors were utilized in such a way that direct coupling and data processing have been used to send the energy values wirelessly for monitoring or managing station which may be considered as a computer. A significant clear signals for the current and voltage rates were harvested from the developed circuits and to compare with the direct oscilloscope measuring method. The suitable setting up of the components selection and configuration were the main reason for this met hod to success. The contribution of this proposed method is the utilizing of the XBee built-in microcontroller at the remote and base XBee’s modes to dispense about any other microcontroller or extra components

Distributed Control Monitoring System Using Controller Area Network

Network-based systems are widely used in many application areas such as intelligent systems and distributed systems. To design distributed systems, distributed information processing and intelligent terminals are required. This system can be integrated efficiently into the present automation management network system. This paper presents the development of distributed network control system based on Controller Area Network (CAN). The system includes three micro controller based boards with PIC18F458 with Analog-to-Digital (ADC) interface for analog measurement. The first board use a ADC input sensor for revolution per minute (RPM) calculation of motor, while the second board uses to capture temperature and the third board which connects to PC for Graphical User Interface (GUI) display for monitoring system. The three boards communicate via the existing data communications network. These micro controller based hardware devices are driven by programs written in the C programming language, while LabVIEW provides the user-control interface. This paper will present the methodology, design approach and results of the online monitoring system

CNG-diesel dual fuel engine: a review on emissions and alternative fuels

This review paper is focusing on the investigations and studies on emissions of applying the Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) in the CNG-Diesel engines. As well as, the paper is highlighting studies that involved in the search for alternative fuels to be used for less emissions and good performance vehicles. Moreover, illustrating the developments occurred in this field for the previous five years, from year 2010 to year 2015. And, as observed, many researches indicate that there is a significant decreasing in emissions in the existence CNG-Diesel and other alternative fuels when comparing with the conventional pure diesel heavy duty vehicles engines. Furthermore, there are some attempts of finding alternative fuels were discussed in this paper