211 research outputs found
TuNet: End-to-end Hierarchical Brain Tumor Segmentation using Cascaded Networks
Glioma is one of the most common types of brain tumors; it arises in the
glial cells in the human brain and in the spinal cord. In addition to having a
high mortality rate, glioma treatment is also very expensive. Hence, automatic
and accurate segmentation and measurement from the early stages are critical in
order to prolong the survival rates of the patients and to reduce the costs of
the treatment. In the present work, we propose a novel end-to-end cascaded
network for semantic segmentation that utilizes the hierarchical structure of
the tumor sub-regions with ResNet-like blocks and Squeeze-and-Excitation
modules after each convolution and concatenation block. By utilizing
cross-validation, an average ensemble technique, and a simple post-processing
technique, we obtained dice scores of 88.06, 80.84, and 80.29, and Hausdorff
Distances (95th percentile) of 6.10, 5.17, and 2.21 for the whole tumor, tumor
core, and enhancing tumor, respectively, on the online test set.Comment: Accepted at MICCAI BrainLes 201
3D U-Net Based Brain Tumor Segmentation and Survival Days Prediction
Past few years have witnessed the prevalence of deep learning in many
application scenarios, among which is medical image processing. Diagnosis and
treatment of brain tumors requires an accurate and reliable segmentation of
brain tumors as a prerequisite. However, such work conventionally requires
brain surgeons significant amount of time. Computer vision techniques could
provide surgeons a relief from the tedious marking procedure. In this paper, a
3D U-net based deep learning model has been trained with the help of brain-wise
normalization and patching strategies for the brain tumor segmentation task in
the BraTS 2019 competition. Dice coefficients for enhancing tumor, tumor core,
and the whole tumor are 0.737, 0.807 and 0.894 respectively on the validation
dataset. These three values on the test dataset are 0.778, 0.798 and 0.852.
Furthermore, numerical features including ratio of tumor size to brain size and
the area of tumor surface as well as age of subjects are extracted from
predicted tumor labels and have been used for the overall survival days
prediction task. The accuracy could be 0.448 on the validation dataset, and
0.551 on the final test dataset.Comment: Third place award of the 2019 MICCAI BraTS challenge survival task
[BraTS 2019](https://www.med.upenn.edu/cbica/brats2019.html
IL-15 modulates the effect of retinoic acid, promoting inflammation rather than oral tolerance to dietary antigens
3 páginas.-- Evaluation of: DePaolo RW, Abadie V, Tang F et al. Co-adjuvant effects of retinoic acid and IL-15 induce inflammatory immunity to dietary antigens. Nature 471(7337), 220–224 (2011).The physiological immune response in the intestine against dietary proteins and commensal flora is characterized by regulatory mechanisms (tolerance) that prevent harmful consequences. Intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) have a central role in the development of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells owing to their ability to produce TGF-b and retinoic acid (RA). However, the article under evaluation shows an unexpected effect of RA – that of promoting a proinflammatory phenotype in intestinal DCs involved in the generation of inflammatory immune responses to dietary antigens. By using a double transgenic murine model that resembles human celiac disease, it was demonstrated that RA synergizes with IL‑15 in promoting the breakdown of gluten tolerance and the development of enteropathy. The tissue microenvironment modulates DC function, and immune therapies that are based on RA aiming to restore oral tolerance should be used with caution because the presence of IL‑15 (and/or other proinflammatory cytokines) may have undesirable effects.Peer reviewe
Hetero-Modal Variational Encoder-Decoder for Joint Modality Completion and Segmentation
We propose a new deep learning method for tumour segmentation when dealing
with missing imaging modalities. Instead of producing one network for each
possible subset of observed modalities or using arithmetic operations to
combine feature maps, our hetero-modal variational 3D encoder-decoder
independently embeds all observed modalities into a shared latent
representation. Missing data and tumour segmentation can be then generated from
this embedding. In our scenario, the input is a random subset of modalities. We
demonstrate that the optimisation problem can be seen as a mixture sampling. In
addition to this, we introduce a new network architecture building upon both
the 3D U-Net and the Multi-Modal Variational Auto-Encoder (MVAE). Finally, we
evaluate our method on BraTS2018 using subsets of the imaging modalities as
input. Our model outperforms the current state-of-the-art method for dealing
with missing modalities and achieves similar performance to the subset-specific
equivalent networks.Comment: Accepted at MICCAI 201
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