Palynological Study on Some Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Cultivars Using Scanning Electron Microscopy

Pollen is an important morphological parameter for cultivar identification. This is of great importance in detailed investigations by scanning electron microscope (SEM). In this study, the pollen morphology of selected grape cultivars was examined by SEM. The pollen length, width, P/E ratio of pollen and features of surface were observed. The pollen differed in some microstructural characteristic. Pollen width exhibited significant according to the varieties (10.12-22.44 mu m). Similarly, the statistical difference occurred among the thirty Vitis cultivars in terms of mean pollen length (16.26-29.65 mu m). Areolat pollen was determined in some cultivars. Depending on the cultivars there was significant differences in terms of pores diameter. According to PCA performed in 30 grape cultivars, 3 principal components were revealed and they defined 94.98% of the variance. Cultivars were divided into groups according to pollen features on the cluster. Consequently, the cultivars were categorized under two main groups. The present research is a contribution to a more detailed analysis of grapevine cultivars

GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF SOME LOCAL AND INTRODUCED GRAPES (VITIS VINIFERA L.) BY MICROSATELLITE MARKERS AND AMPELOGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION

Grape cultivars have importance for breeding studies, because the genetic material use future grapevine improvement as a donor of valuable genes. The objectives of this study were the molecular and ampelographic characterization of ancient and introduced cultivars and the detection of the relationships between the accessions. This study presents the total of 39 ampelographic characters of different organs, in different phenological stages have identified for 29 grape genotypes. Ampelographic data have collected during two vegetation periods (two seasons) in an ex-situ collection of the experimental field of the Ege University. The characteristics of the vines have defined and measured according to OIV descriptors. According to the result of PCA performed in this study, eleven principal components were obtained, and they defined 79.173% of the genotypes with thirtynine ampelographic character. The dendrogram obtained from cluster analysis grouped 14 genotypes in the first cluster while the 15 genotypes were placed in the second cluster. The genetic relationships have defined with six SSRs (Simple Sequence Repeats) markers, and 65 polymorphic bands and matrix correlation (r) was calculated 0.79 were identified. The frequency of alleles was registered for VrZAG79 (39.66%), VVMD27 (35.48%), VVMD5 (35.48%), VrZAG62 (32.76%), VVS2 (30.31%) and VVMD7 (18.97%). The expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.783 (VrZAG62) to 0.869 (VVMD7) and the observed heterozygosity (Ho) from 0.483 (VrZAG62) to 0.897 (VVS2). Based on research results, ancient and introduced cultivars were separated two main cluster. The smaller main cluster included only one ancient cultivar - 'Buca Razaktst', separated from the other cluster. Based on the rates of similarities of cultivars included in the study, the highest rate was recorded for 'Okuzgozu-Petit Syrah' (93%). The results reported here are important first steps towards better characterization of these grape genotypes and would aid future germplasm management and breeding efforts.This work was financially supported by Ege University Scientific Research Fund (project number: 09-ZRF-004).Ege University Scientific Research Fund [09-ZRF-004

Virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) applications in Vitis vinifera L.

WOS: 00020980560036

Drying of Vitis vinifera L. cv "Sultanina" in tunnel solar drier

38th World Congress of Vine and Wine -- JUL 05-10, 2015 -- Mainz, GERMANYWOS: 000359945200016Raisin production and export is an important business in Turkey. In this research V. vinifera L. cv. "Sultanina" was dried in polythene tunnel type rack systems solar drier and in direct sunlight (traditional drying method). The inside temperature of the tunnel has been increased by adding solar panels to the drying tunnel. The cluster of grapes was dipped in four different alkali solution (dipping solution); such as 1%, 2%, 3%, and 5% of sodium hydroxide + 1% olive oil. Each application was two replicates and at each repetition to be 2 kg/m(2) grapes. After dipping grapes were placed on the rack. Drying process were continued until 14% humidity. In the study drying period of the grapes, drying ratio, % moisture, % total soluble solids content, 100 berry weight, berry surface color (CIE, L, a, b), alcohol-soluble color values were measured. Drying period of grapes in the solar drying tunnel is faster than direct sunlight. Solar tunnel drying was found to be satisfactory and competitive to traditional drying method. The color of grapes dried in the sun drying tunnel not seen a negative change. Provision of solar dryers in drying, air distribution and heat conservation is to make a positive impact on the drying process and capacity. The most important advantage of the dried product in the tunnel type solar drier is protected raisins from external environment. The main factor in the drying process is to obtain minimum energy consumption of the product with the desired quality and reach a maximum speed of drying. The results obtained from this research are used in practice compliance

Characterization of Autochthonous Grapevine Cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) from the Aegean Region of Turkey Using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs)

WOS: 000368347100009Thirty-six autochthonous grapevine cultivars from the Aegean region of Turkey in addition to standard cultivars Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) were fingerprinted using SSR markers to assess their genetic relationships. Eleven SSR primers produced successful amplifications and yielded 37 polymorphic bands. The number of bands per primer changed between 2 and 6 while the number of polymorphic bands was between 2 and 3.6. Dice genetic similarity coefficients ranged between 0.296 and 0.882 among the genotypes. The UPGMA dendrogram showed two main groups. The first group was composed of Sultan Dimriti, Veyis and Guvercin Gozu cltivars. A large number of sub-groups were placed in the second group which included the majority of autochthonous cultivars. The genetic differences among the autochthonous cultivars and reference cultivars were clearly observed. The results showed that cultivars Siyah Razaki and Parmak (0.96) were the most similar ones. Synonyms were identified for Inek Memesi and Ufak Dimrit cultivars. In addition, homonymous cultivars were detected. SSR markers have proved to be an efficient tool for fingerprinting grapevine cultivars and conducting genetic diversity studies

Effect of sulphur forms on colour and residue of sulphur during the storage at drying grapes by sulphur

39th World Congress of Vine and Wine -- OCT 24-28, 2016 -- Bento Goncalves, BRAZILWOS: 000390791700005Turkey is the world leader in the manufacture and export of seedless raisins. Requirement of golden bleached raisins is increasing in food Industry of especially cake, bread and pastry year by year. In this research, the lowest residual value and the practical realization of such production was intended to determine by drying grapes with application of sulphur. In this case, sulphur residue and colour situations were determined during 12-mounth-storage according to sulphur forms. In this study sulphur studies were applied by Vitis Vinifera cv. "Sultani Cekirdeksiz" with Na2S2O5, which is liquid source of sulphur and SO2, which is gas source of sulphur. SO2 application were studied during 3, 6 and 8 hours and liquid form of sulphur is Na2S2O5 that was used during by 10, 20 and 30 minutes. Applications were prepared with 3 replicates which contain 20 kg fresh grape in each replicate. In conclusion, changes in dried grape have been identified in point of colour (chroma and hue) and the sulphur content was determined according to sulphur forms in packing. Gas form of sulphur (SO2) which was applied 3 hours, gave the best result during 12-mounth-storage for colour and sulphur residue

The Effects of Some Exogenous Applications on Quality in 'Crimson Seedless' Grape

ISCI, Burcak/0000-0002-6542-0271WOS: 000535641500001Crimson Seedless' is a red seedless table grape (Vitis vinifera) and although it is widely cultivated in Aegean Region, it does not develop adequate color in warm climate. the present study was carried out to estimate the effect of abscisic acid (S-ABA), ethephon and girdling on color of bunches and metabolic profile on 'Crimson Seedless' grapevine variety. To achieve this goal, experimental treatments were carried out during two successive seasons (2017-2018). Experimental materials were eight-year-old 'Crimson Seedless' grapevines grafted onto 1103P (V. berlandieri x V. rupestris) of similar vigor and grown in a loamy soil structure under drip irrigation system. in this study a randomized block experimental design with three replications was used, with each plot consisting of six grapevines. Exogenous plant growth regulator (PGR) like S-ABA and Ethephon was applied to the plant materials in five different application method. T4 (S-ABA+ Ethephon) application for 'Crimson Seedless' grape among different applications yielded more effective results on maturity index (SS/TA), total soluble solids (degrees Brix), a*, CIRG (Color Index of Red Grapes) and cluster lenght (mm) properties than other applications. Exogenous S-ABA+ Ethephon promoted color development in 'Crimson Seedless' grape berries. For this reason, it has been determined that T4 (S-ABA+ Ethephon) treatment gives the best results for "Crimson Seeddless" grape variety. These results indicate that 'Crimson Seedless' grapevines grown in a warm climate, where color development is poor, would benefit from a spray of 400 mg/L S-ABA, ten days after the veraison and 500 mg/L Ethephon, ten days after the first S-ABA application

The Effects of Different Crop Load and Summer Pruning Application on Grape Yield and Quality Parameters of 'Mevlana' Cultivar (Vitis vinifera L.)

WOS: 000565507700002Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is considered as one of the most important commercial fruit crops in Turkey. Wine quality is affected by cultural practices. the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of crop load level and different summer pruning applications on the wine quality of `Mevlana' (Vitis vinifera L.). the study was carried out on a 12-year-old own-rooted `Mevlana' vineyard, which was established as a rational pergola in Manisa. Two different crop load levels (55 clusters/vine and 110 clusters/vine) and four different applications were adapted to these crop loads. Applications are, I: removal of 1/3 cluster (the ends of the bunch were cut with scissors at berry state; 4mm of berry), II: girdling (girdling was the removal of a ring of phloem around the trunk, while scoring was a simple metal wire (3mm diameter) at berry state; 4mm of berry, thirty-five days after application, the wires were removed), III: removal of 1/3 cluster ( the ends of the bunch were cut with scissors at berry state; 4 mm of berry) and girdling (thirty-five days after girdling, the wires were removed), IV: control (no application). Yield (kg/vine), and other quality characteristics were analyzed. the best results were obtained from girdling application (27.99, 28.59) in cluster length (cm) and obtained from application of 55TII and 110TII (20.34, 20.38) in berry width ( mm) and were obtained from applications of 110TII (84.80 number/vine) in number of marketable cluster and application of 55TII and 110TII ( 47.46, 47.02) in L* level. the conclusion that can be drawn from the results of this study is that 55TII and 110TII applications led to enhancements in the berry growth and biochemical properties of cv. `Mevlana' to rational pergola trailing system

Evaluation of methods for DNA extraction from must and wine

WOS: 000339561100012The quality of wine depends on many factors. One of the most important is the selection of appropriate and defined grape varieties. The analysis of phenolic compounds, amino acids, trace elements and isotopes of wines, used for the identification of grapes varieties, is not sufficient and requires a lengthy analysis period. The development of molecular techniques such as restriction fragment length polymorphism, random amplified polymorphic DNA and microsatellites provides opportunities for the differentiation of grape varieties. In this regard, the use of DNA extracted from must and wine appears to be a good marker for the identification of grape varieties used in wine production. In this study, DNA was extracted from grape, leaf, must and wine samples of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Sauvignon Blanc origin and examined using different extraction methods. Of the DNA extraction methods tested, the method using absorption at 260/280 nm (with values of 0.19 and 1.92) was considered the method of choice. Copyright (C) 2014 The Institute of Brewing & DistillingTUBITAK (Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK)We express our deep gratitude to TUBITAK (Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) for the support of our project, and Sevilen Winery of the Izmir Higher Institute of Technology Molecular Biology, Professor Sami Doganlar of the Genetic Department and the technical staff for permitting the use of the Sigma 6K15 centrifuge. We also thank Ege University Science Technology Research and Practice Center (EBILTEM) and Dr Sevket Karacanci for the use of the Hettich centrifuge; TARIS-ARGE Directorate and Dr Mubeccel Topuzoglu for supplying the ultra-pure water; Ege University, Medicine Faculty, Medical Genetic Research and Practice Center staff for allowing the use of the Nanodrop ND-1000 for the measurement of DNA quality and quantity; and Professor Zeki Topcu of Ege University Pharmacology Faculty Pharmaceutic Biotechnology Department and the laboratory staff