A (females) and B (males).

Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) for smoking, by cancer type and deprivation quintile, England, 2013–2017. *Acute myeloid leukaemia; **Oesophageal adenocarcinoma; ***Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.</p

Average number and proportion of smoking-attributable cancer cases per year by sex, age and deprivation quintile, England, 2013–2017.

Average number and proportion of smoking-attributable cancer cases per year by sex, age and deprivation quintile, England, 2013–2017.</p

A (females) and B (males).

Combined European Age-Standardised incidence rates (ASR) per 100,000 population for smoking-related cancer types* by deprivation quintile and sex, for observed cancer incidence (the current situation), scenario 1 and scenario 2, England, 2013–2017. *oral cavity, pharynx, nasopharynx, larynx, oesophagus, stomach, colorectal, liver, pancreas, lung, cervix uteri, kidney, bladder, ovarian (mucinous) and leukaemia (acute myeloid).</p

Estimated average number of deprivation-associated cases per year for deprivation-related cancer types^b'*' and smoking-related cancer types^b'**', scenario 1 and scenario 2; and the estimated number of deprivation-associated cases and proportion of the observed deprivation gap in cancer incidence that could have been prevented, in England, in 2013–2017.

Estimated average number of deprivation-associated cases per year for deprivation-related cancer typesb'*' and smoking-related cancer typesb'**', scenario 1 and scenario 2; and the estimated number of deprivation-associated cases and proportion of the observed deprivation gap in cancer incidence that could have been prevented, in England, in 2013–2017.</p

S1 File -

(DOCX)</p

Flowchart of participant inclusion.

<p>*Including data at baseline and excluding data from the year preceding cancer diagnosis; including BMI from self-reported as well as measured height and weight; BMI values lower <15 or >70 kg/m² were excluded.</p

Hazard ratios of specific cancers related to overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) duration and intensity.

<p>Hazard ratios of specific cancers related to overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) duration and intensity.</p

Association between overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²) duration since age 18 y and risk of specific cancers, allowing for non-linear effects, with 95% CIs.

<p>HRs are adjusted for age, ethnicity, education, physical activity, smoking status, dietary intake (in kilocalories), and diet quality score. Restricted cubic splines were fitted with knots at 0, 8, and 40 y. <i>p</i>-Values are for nonlinearity. *All obesity-related cancers comprises postmenopausal breast cancer as well as cancer of the colon, rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, endometrium, ovary, kidney, and thyroid.</p

Association between overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²) duration since age 18 y and the risk of postmenopausal breast and endometrial cancer by postmenopausal hormone use, allowing for nonlinear effects, with 95% CIs.

<p>HRs are adjusted for age, ethnicity, education, physical activity, smoking status, dietary intake (in kilocalories), diet quality score, age at menopause, age at first birth, and parity. Restricted cubic splines were fitted with knots at 0, 15, and 44 y in never users; 0, 12, and 42 y in past users; and 0, 3, and 37 y in current users.</p

Cohort characteristics at recruitment by adulthood overweight and obesity.

<p>Cohort characteristics at recruitment by adulthood overweight and obesity.</p