Estimated marginal mean values for BMI at ages 1 to 11 years and 99% confidence intervals for the basic and covariate-adjusted model stratified by sex.

<p>Covariates are held constant (centred values for continuous variables, reference category for categorical variables).</p

Description of the study population of children aged 7.9 years on average at last follow-up by country (numbers and percentages for categorical variables; mean values and standard deviations (SD) for continuous variables).

<p>Description of the study population of children aged 7.9 years on average at last follow-up by country (numbers and percentages for categorical variables; mean values and standard deviations (SD) for continuous variables).</p

Predicted BMI growth trajectories of children having a mother with a BMI of 20 kg/m² (solid) vs. with a BMI of 25 kg/m² (dashed) by sex (girls: black; boys: grey) and country; all other covariates were set to a constant value (continuous covariates were set to 0 (i.e. to the value used for centring), categorical variables were set to the reference category).

<p>Predicted BMI growth trajectories of children having a mother with a BMI of 20 kg/m² (solid) vs. with a BMI of 25 kg/m² (dashed) by sex (girls: black; boys: grey) and country; all other covariates were set to a constant value (continuous covariates were set to 0 (i.e. to the value used for centring), categorical variables were set to the reference category).</p

Effect estimates and 99% confidence intervals of the covariate-adjusted growth models for BMI for the seven countries.

<p>Continuous variables were centred to receive meaningful effect estimates (mother’s BMI centred at 20 kg/m², mother’s age at birth centred at 30 years, gestational weight gain centred at 10 kg).</p

Predicted BMI growth trajectories of children having parents with high (ISCED 5,6; solid) vs. low educational level (ISCED 0,1,2; dashed) by sex (girls: black; boys: grey) and country; all other covariates were set to a constant value (continuous covariates were set to 0 (i.e. to the value used for centring), categorical variables were set to the reference category).

<p>Predicted BMI growth trajectories of children having parents with high (ISCED 5,6; solid) vs. low educational level (ISCED 0,1,2; dashed) by sex (girls: black; boys: grey) and country; all other covariates were set to a constant value (continuous covariates were set to 0 (i.e. to the value used for centring), categorical variables were set to the reference category).</p

Data flow chart (Obs: number of repeated height/weight measurements; N: number of study subjects).

<p>Data flow chart (Obs: number of repeated height/weight measurements; N: number of study subjects).</p

BMI growth trajectories estimated based on fractional polynomial models by country and sex comparing the basic (a,c) and covariate-adjusted model (b,d) in the respective subgroup; all continuous covariates were set to 0 (i.e. to the centred values) and categorical variables were set to the reference category.

<p>BMI growth trajectories estimated based on fractional polynomial models by country and sex comparing the basic (a,c) and covariate-adjusted model (b,d) in the respective subgroup; all continuous covariates were set to 0 (i.e. to the centred values) and categorical variables were set to the reference category.</p