57 research outputs found
When Doctors Shape Policy: The Impact of Self-Regulation on Governing Human Biotechnology
This paper investigates the development and adoption of governance modes in the field of human biotechnology. As the field of human biotechnology is relatively new, voluntary professional self-regulation constituted the initial governing mode. In the meantime, with the exception of Ireland, all Western European countries have moved towards greater state intervention. Nevertheless they have done so in contrasting ways and the resulting governance modes for assisted reproductive technology (ART) and embryonic stem-cell research vary greatly. Instead of imposing their steering capacity in a âtop-downâ fashion, governments have taken pre-existing self-regulatory arrangements in the field into account and built up governance mechanisms in conjunction with private actors and pre-existing modes of private governance. Our analysis demonstrates that the form and content of the initial self-regulation explain why the self-steering capacity of the medical profession was largely or at least partially preserved through hybrid governance systems in Britain and in Germany, while in France the self-regulation was entirely replaced by governmental intervention
Diverging against all odds? Regulatory Paths in Embryonic Stem Cell Research across Western Europe
An interest-driven account of Embryonic Stem Cell Research would, given the considerable financial and scientific concerns, likely predict regulations to converge towards permissive policies. However, across Western Europe, national regulations of embryonic stem-cell research vary considerably, from general bans to permissive policies. There is a lack of systematic accounting for the non-convergence, and the sparse attempts at explanation are contradictory. Drawing on qualitative comparative analysis and configurational causality, we assess the interaction of a number of explanatory factors. Our empirical analysis reveals the importance of one factor in particular, path-dependence, insofar as prior policies on assisted reproduction exert a strong and systematic effect on the subsequent regulation of ESCR
LâĂ©volution de la promotion de lâĂ©galitĂ© entre les femmes et les hommes au sein de lâadministration : le cas de lâadministration fĂ©dĂ©rale suisse
Cet article a pour ambition de dresser un Ă©tat des lieux de la promotion de lâĂ©galitĂ© entre les femmes et les hommes au sein de lâadministration fĂ©dĂ©rale suisse en prĂ©sentant les diffĂ©rentes Ă©tapes de la politique dâĂ©galitĂ© et en discutant la mise en Ćuvre de ses Ă©lĂ©ments clefs. AprĂšs des dĂ©buts timides, la politique dâĂ©galitĂ© a pris davantage dâampleur avec la mise en place dâinstruments contraignants visant Ă rĂ©aliser lâĂ©galitĂ© des chances. MalgrĂ© ce redimensionnement, le bilan de la politique de promotion de lâĂ©galitĂ© de genre au sein de lâadministration fĂ©dĂ©rale demeure contrastĂ© et le plafond de verre qui entrave la carriĂšre des femmes persiste. La fĂ©minisation du personnel fĂ©dĂ©ral est lente et sâest principalement concentrĂ©e sur les positions infĂ©rieures de lâadministration. Les diffĂ©rences salariales entre les fonctionnaires fĂ©minins et masculins restent encore importantes. Une des causes de cette fĂ©minisation en demi-teinte est certainement Ă rechercher dans la mise en Ćuvre hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne de la politique dâĂ©galitĂ© Ă travers les diffĂ©rents dĂ©partements.This article reviews the evolution of the promotion of gender equality within the Swiss federal public administration, presents the development of gender equality policy overtime and discusses the implementation of its main measures. After a first policy stage based solely on guidelines, the development of equality policy within the Swiss federal administration has increasingly resulted in more constraining measures that aim at realizing gender equality. In spite of this dramatic policy redesign, equality policy impact remains contrasted and womenâs career still face a glass ceiling. The feminization of civil service is slow and women concentrate mainly at lower positions. In addition, the pay gap between female and male civil servants remains important. One of the main causes of this contrasted result is certainly to be found in the heterogeneous implementation of gender equality among the different departments of the Swiss federal administration
Beyond the Usual Suspects::New Research Themes in Comparative Public Policy
The principal paradox of comparative public policy has remained over the years: there is no clear and broadly shared definition of the field. This article engages with the debate about what comparative public policy is from a distinctive perspective. Drawing from a systematic analysis of published research articles that maps out the usual comparative suspects, it reflects on what comparative public policy does and does not do in terms of comparative scope and country range, and the extent to which the limitations in the comparative scope matter for cumulative knowledge, theory building and the consolidation of the field. The article discusses different strategies to address the challenge of extending the range of comparative analysis.</p
France: Protecting Human Dignity while Encouraging Scientific Progress
Analyse du processus d'élaboration des lois bioéthiques de 1994
Enjeux de la problématisation de l'avortement: une analyse du débat au Conseil des Etats sur le régime du délai (2000-2001)
Analyse du débat parlementaire suisse sur la libéralisation de l'avortemen
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