Vertical thermal structure of the ocean.

<p>A section through the Atlantic (at -33.5° longitude) showing how the thermal structure changes with latitude, measured in °C. The points highlight the 10°C depth contour.</p

Log likelihood ratios for the SAR_error models of each diversity measure.

<p>The log likelihood ratios show the relative explanatory power of the groups of explanatory variables. This ratio is plotted for each variable group across the models of the four response variables. Error bars show 1sd and represent the variation associated with removing the replication within each 1 degree square.</p

Lineage phylogeny of the macroperforate planktonic foraminifera based on Aze et al. [9].

<p>This phylogeny contains all the lineages present in this study scaled by age. The axis shows the node age in million years (Ma). The thicker lines represent the lineage ages. The lineage ages do not always map directly onto the phylogeny. The phylogeny plots each speciation event as the origination of two new species; however some lineages persist through speciation events, so some of the age lines extend beyond the node. Some ages are also shorter than the branch; this is the result of speciation events that produced species that are now extinct. Some morphological species are part of the same evolutionary lineage.</p

Log likelihood ratios for the species richness SAR_error model in each ocean.

<p>A comparison of the explanatory power of the groups of variables globally and in each ocean for the species richness model. Stars indicate the significance of excluding that variable group (*** < 0.001, 0.001 < ** < 0.01, 0.01 < * < 0.05, 0.05 <^<b>.</b> < 0.1). If relationships had the same functional form within each ocean, the total height of the bars for the three oceans would equal that of the global bar. The Atlantic model, with 670 data points, had a pseudo-R² of 0.92, an RMSE of 1.59 and an AIC of 2510. The Indian model, with 155 data points, had a pseudo-R² of 0.91, an RMSE of 1.38 and an AIC of 608. The Pacific model, with 235 data points, had a pseudo-R² of 0.77 an RMSE of 1.82 and an AIC of 1024. All models used row-standardised weighting and a neighbourhood distance of 507km.</p

A summary of the traits used to calculate functional richness.

<p>A summary of the traits used to calculate functional richness.</p

Diversity maps with the four different measures, showing the global spread of the data.

<p>Diversity maps with the four different measures, showing the global spread of the data.</p