Rendimiento y calidad en tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Toroty F1) empleando cuatro láminas de riego

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento Académico de HorticulturaSe realizó una investigación para evaluar el efecto de cuatro láminas de riego sobre el rendimiento y la calidad de frutos en tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Toroty F1, en el valle de Cañete entre los meses de marzo a septiembre del 2017. Los tratamientos consistieron en láminas de riego de 75%, 100%, 125% y 150% de la ETc. El mayor rendimiento total y comercial se obtuvo con lamina de riego de 125% de la ETc (33.10 y 25.82 tn/ha. El menor rendimiento no comercial se obtuvo en el tratamiento 150% de la ETc (2.44 tn/ha). El área foliar de los tratamientos fue aumentando a medida que se incrementaban los porcentajes de ETc. El rendimiento de frutos con pudrición apical fue reduciendo a medida que aplicaron mayores cantidades de agua. El diámetro polar y el peso de los frutos fueron aumentando con mayores aplicaciones de agua en el riego. No se observaron diferencias significativas respecto al rendimiento de frutos con plagas y/o enfermedades, diámetro ecuatorial, resistencia del fruto y al porcentaje de ácido cítrico entre los diferentes tratamientos. El tratamiento con lámina de riego de 125% de la ETc presento la mejor combinación de rendimiento y calidad para el cultivo de tomate producido a campo abierto en el valle de cañeteA study was carried out to evaluated the effect of four irrigation levels on yield and fruit quality of a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Toroty F1, in Cañete Valley between March and September 2017. Treatments were 75, 100, 125 and 150 % of ETc. Highest total yield and highest marketable yield were obtained with 125 % ETc (33.12 and 25.82 t ha-1). Lowest non marketable yield was obtained with 150 % of ETc (2.44 t ha-1). Foliar area increased as irrigation levels increased. Fruit blossom end rot decreased as irrigation level increased. As irrigation level was increased, fruit tomato size and weight increased. Irrigation level did not affect fruit weight damaged by pests, fruit diameter, fruit firmness and fruit percentage of citric acid. Irrigating 125 % ETc gave the best results in terms of yield and fruit qualityTesi

O currículo específico individual práticas de construção e Implementação: um estudo exploratório no segundo ciclo

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação - Especialização em Educação EspecialA inclusão, na sala de aula, de alunos com necessidades educativas especiais constitui um desafio para os professores, com implicações nas suas atitudes e práticas educativas, nomeadamente, no que diz respeito ao modo como abordam a diferenciação curricular e a diferenciação pedagógica. Este processo torna-se ainda mais complexo quando aos alunos é aplicada a medida educativa denominada currículo específico individual. O presente estudo desenvolveu-se num agrupamento de escolas do concelho de Almada, envolvendo cinco docentes do ensino regular e da educação especial, a lecionar em turmas ou pequenos grupos de alunos de 5º ano de escolaridade e pretendeu conhecer os processos que os professores utilizam para elaborar os currículos específicos individuais e as suas preocupações na construção e implementação destes currículos. Como metodologia de recolha dos dados foi utilizada a entrevista, que depois tratámos através de análise de conteúdo. Concluiu-se que os currículos específicos individuais merecem a concordância dos professores, sendo consensual o seu carácter funcional. No processo de elaboração dos currículos, a avaliação inicial do aluno é considerada fundamental, no entanto, são expressas dificuldades em adequar o nível de exigência do currículo às características do aluno. Não é clara a existência de colaboração entre docentes para a construção deste documento. Coexistem duas formas diferentes de planificar: ou é construído um plano diferente ao elaborado para a turma ou existe um plano integrado no plano geral da turma. No âmbito da prática educativa prevalecem duas estratégias também diferentes, uma referente ao ensino individualizado, outra centrada no ensino diferenciado. As preocupações manifestadas pelos professores relacionam-se com a dificuldade em ajudar todos os alunos, na gestão do tempo e na falta de recursos humanos na sala de aula. Para a avaliação dos alunos são construídos registos, no entanto, existem dificuldades na sua concretização e em determinar efetivamente as aprendizagens realizadas pelos alunos. Os professores consideram ainda que deve ser melhorada a informação sobre estes alunos e que deve haver um maior envolvimento da direção na resolução de problemas.Abstract The inclusion of students with special education needs in the classroom consists in a challenge for teachers which reflect on their attitudes and their educational practices, namely regarding in the way how they approach curriculum differentiation and pedagogical differentiation. This process becomes even more complex when it is applied to students the educational measure named specific individual curriculum, The present study was developed in a school grouping in the municipality of Almada, involving five teachers of regular education and special education, teaching in classes or small group of students who attend the 5th grade of school and it intended to know the processes that teachers use to elaborate the specific individual curricula and their concerns in the construction and implementation of this curricula. As methodology for data gathering interview was used, that was then treated through content analysis. It is concluded that the specific individual curricula deserves the agreement of teachers, being consensual their functional character. On the process of curricula elaboration the initial evaluation of the student is considered fundamental, however, difficulties are expressed to adapt the level of demand of the curriculum to the student characteristics. It is not clear the existence of cooperation between teachers for the construction of this document. Coexist two different ways of planning: or it is built a different plan than the one elaborated for the class, or there is an integrated plan in the general class plan. Within educational practice scope two strategies also different prevails, one referring to individualized education, another focused on the differentiated education. The concerns manifested by the teachers relates to the difficulty of helping every student, in time management and in the lack of human resources in the classroom. For the evaluation of the students records are built, however, there are difficulties in its implementation and in fact determine student learning. The teachers also consider that information about these students has to be improved and that there should be a larger involvement of the direction in the resolution of these problems

Tubular electrospun scaffolds tested in vivo for tissue engineering

Tissue engineering has been widely used for its great variety of functions. It has been seen as a solution to satisfy the need for vascular substitutes like small diameter vessels, veins, and nerves. One of the most used methods is electrospinning, due to the fact that it allows the use of various polymers, sizes, mandrels and it can adjust the conditions to create personalized scaffolds. For the creation of scaffolds is fundamental to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each polymer, of this, will depend the biodegradability, biocompatibility, porosity, cellular adhesion, and cell proliferation as it is essential to mimic the extracellular matrix and provide structural support for the cells. The aim of this review was to investigate which materials are being used for the creation of tubular scaffolds by electrospinning. Here we selected only in vivo evaluation to demonstrate remodeling of the grafts into native-like tissues, in vitro evaluations had been excluded from this review. We analyze the conditions like speed, distance and voltage and the modifications like growth factors and combinations of natural and synthetic polymers that allow the authors to have a functional scaffold that will suit its purpose

Investigaci?n aplicada para el estudio del Aca? como cultivo alternativo en beneficio de las comunidades nativas de la selva baja del Per?

La presente Investigaci?n Aplicada permiti? demostrar que el aca? puede resultar un cultivo alternativo con un importante impacto econ?mico y social en las comunidades de la selva baja del Per? al tener estas las mismas condiciones geogr?ficas y climatol?gicas que los principales pa?ses productores de aca? tienen. La presente investigaci?n tom? como ejemplo el caso exitoso del cultivo y comercializaci?n del aca? en Brasil, lo que permitido el desarrollo econ?mico y social de las comunidades de su amazonia donde se cultiva dicho producto. Tambi?n se detallan las recientes experiencias del cultivo en comunidades amaz?nicas de Colombia y Bolivia. La comunidad amaz?nica peruana que fue materia de estudio para demostrar el objeto de esta tesis fue la de Urco mira?o en la regi?n Loreto. Se realiz? una visita a la zona para recabar informaci?n primaria sobre los sembr?os de aca? silvestre que crecen en ella, lo cual permiti? simular el beneficio econ?mico para la comunidad. Los atributos y propiedades del aca? como superalimento, las investigaciones cient?ficas que demuestran los beneficios para la salud que ofrece su consumo, as? como el an?lisis de su mercado existente a nivel mundial, sirvieron como base para el desarrollo de la investigaci?n

Effectivity of the PGA rapid Atramat® and PGA Atramat® sutures for the closure of minimal invasion and abdominal-inguinal wounds in surgery

Background: The use of suture materials for the closure of wounds is a practice described in Egyptian parchments since 3500 b.C. through the use of linen, animal hair, vegetable fiber, silk, leather and others. The election of the ideal suture material has to be based in the appropriate resistance to traction, tissue biocompatibility and resorption rates..Methods: An open longitudinal clinical trial was performed with data recollection in a prospective way, in which was calculated the incidence of complications; dehiscence, wound seroma, surgical site infection hemorrhage and abscess when PGA Atramat® and PGA rapid Atramat® was employed in laparoscopic and open surgery for treatment of inguinal and umbilical plasties.Results: During the period from January 2016 to August 2016, the procedures included: 31 laparoscopic cholecystectomies, 18 laparoscopic fundoplications, 45 laparoscopic appendicectomies, 12 abdominal plasties and 16 inguinal plasties. This series shows the null incidence of complications in 31 cholecystectomies, 18 fundoplications, 16 inguinal plasties and 12 abdominal plasties.Conclusions: The employment of the PGA Atramat® and PGA rapid Atramat® sutures maintains the features of a braided, absorbable suture, and it also results a feasible and secure resource for its use in minimal invasion surgery, abdominal and inguinal plasties, showing low incidence of surgical site infection

Transfusion related acute lung injury: a case report

Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) is one of the most serious complications of blood transfusion. All blood components have been implicated and most often those that contain plasma. The diagnosis is based fundamentally on the integration of clinical, radiological and gasometry elements, once the rest of the possible causes of acute lung injury have been ruled out. The differential diagnosis of a patient who develops a sudden pattern of respiratory failure after a transfusion of blood products must include hemodynamic overload, anaphylactic reaction, bacterial contamination of transfused blood products, haemolytic transfusion reaction and TRALI. Author presented the clinical case of a 33-year-old female patient with grade III hypovolemic shock due to a ruptured ectopic pregnancy, reanimated with crystalloid solutions, globular packages and fresh frozen plasma. The patient developed TRALI for what was managed with ventilatory and hemodynamic support in ICU

Neurophysiology of learning in basic skills of laparoscopic surgery in undergraduate students

Background: The development and progress in laparoscopic surgery requires greater emphasis on surgical skills, developing skills in undergraduate students allows them to be at the forefront in health demands.Methods: An experimental and descriptive study of a group of 30 undergraduate students of the Faculty of Medicine. They attended 30 hours of theoretical and practical sessions distributed by 10 sessions, supported by basic simulators minimally invasive, being evaluated by checklist. Their brain activity was monitored with an electroencephalography before and after the development of skills.Results: It was observed that the average necessary for the acquisition of skills is 5 sessions. The competition in which further progress was observed is video assistance. There is an increase in the activity of the prefrontal cortex on the electroencephalography.Conclusions: A series of neurophysiologic processes involved in learning of laparoscopic surgery are described. Laparoscopic skills development lies in keeping them updated on the teaching-learning, where the use of simulators is growing

Therapeutic alternatives for the prevention of intra peritoneal adhesions

Intestinal adhesions are bands of fibrous tissue created by the intimate contact of two injured surface tissues; these appear in 93% of the patient undergoing intra-abdominal or gastrointestinal surgery. The comorbidities associated with the formation of adhesions have an impact on quality care offered to patients, leading to an increase in healthcare. Goals of this study was to perform a review that includes different therapeutic alternatives in basic and clinical research to prevent the formation of postoperative abdominal peritoneal adhesions. A bibliographic search was conducted in different databases including Pub med, Medline, Cochrane, science direct, from the years 2000 to 2018 using the keywords: gastrointestinal adhesions, small bowel obstruction, prophylaxis, treatment. Only experimental and clinical articles were selected. The development of peritoneal adhesions in most of the experimental studies occurred with cecal abrasion, studying the effect of biodegradable materials, drugs and gels such as mXG Hydrogel. Nanofiber membranes, agents created with recombinant technology such as periostin antisense oligonucleotide and aerosol applications such as polysaccharide 4DryField PH, are positioned to replace in the future the actual limited mechanical barriers application commonly used in abdominal surgery such as seprafilm and interceed. There are several anti-adhesion agents in experimental phase with different mechanism of action that could be used in the short term to prevent the formation of post-surgical intestinal adhesions. The inclusion of gastrointestinal surgeons in basic research is increasing and necessary with multidisciplinary collaboration. It is expected in short term the study and development of a greater number of materials to minimize tissue trauma and decrease the formation of post-surgical adhesions

MicroRNAs in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide, currently representing the most common gastrointestinal cancer with 13% of all malignant tumors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that repress the translation of target genes. Since their discovery, they have been shown to play an important role in the development of cancer, since they can act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. A literature review was performed in different databases such as Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, nature, Wolters Kluwer, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library. Studies were included from 2003 to 2018. Colorectal cancer presents genetic heterogeneity, because it can develop in different ways, the pathway through which cancer occurs depends on the gene initially altered. The aberrant expression of microRNAs is implicated in the development of colorectal cancer and its progression. Three existing steps in the maturation of the microRNAs have been identified: 1) transcription of the pri-miRNA, 2) cleavage in the nucleus to form the pre-miRNA and 3) a final excision in the cytoplasm to form the mature microRNA. It has been discovered that miRNAs have an impact on cell proliferation, apoptosis, stress response, maintenance of stem cell potency and metabolism, all important factors in the etiology of cancer. The data analyzed in this article highlights the importance of the study of microRNAs in colorectal cancer, however, for the carcinogenic process, progression, therapeutic management and prognosis, more multicenter randomized clinical trials are needed with a detailed analysis

Colorectal cancer: a review

Colorectal cancer (CCR) is the third most common cancer worldwide in men and women, the second largest cause of death related to cancer, and the main cause of death in gastrointestinal cancer. The risk of developing this cancer is related to bad alimentary habits, smoking, intestinal inflammatory disease, polyps, genetic factors, and aging. Of the patients that are diagnosed with colorectal cancer 90% are older than 50, with a median age of 64 years; however, the disease is more aggressive in patients that are diagnosed at younger ages. According to the American Cancer Association, it was accounted for more than 49,700 deaths in 2015. The goal is to reduce the mortality rate with early diagnosis and treatment. Currently, the survival rate is used to predict a patient’s prognosis. The patient is considered to have a positive familial history if a first-degree relative has been diagnosed with colorectal cancer or colonic polyps before the age of 60, or also if two or more first-degree relatives have been diagnosed with cancer or polyps at any age. There are several methods for detecting colorectal cancer, such as the guaiac test, immunochemical test of stool, DNA stool test, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and barium enema. The stage in which the cancer is detected determines the prognosis, survival, and treatment of the patient. Provide a review about generalities, genetic basis, risk factors, protective factors, clinical course, diagnostic methods, therapy and survival in colorectal cancer. Conducted research from different databases such as PubMed, Medline, MedScape, on the definition, genetic factors, classification, risk factors, protective factors, diagnostic methods, epidemiology, survival and treatment of colorectal cancer. Articles from 2000 to 2017 were included using the following keywords