Effect of Modified Harmony Search Towards The Area Coverage In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) have attracted many researcher to dig deeper of their abilities and specialty in carrying sensing duty. A lot of improvements have been done from day to day in many aspects including crucial issues such as energy and area coverage. Modified Harmony Search (MHS) is an improvement from basic Harmony Search (HS) method. All HS method will undergo the same step which are initialization of parameter, initialization of Harmony Memory (HM), improvisation, HM update and criterion checked. MHS undergo improvisation at the third step where the selection criteria is referring to the node placement in the memory. In this paper, we are implementing Modified Harmony Search algorithm (MHS) for node deployment purpose and the performance index such as area coverage is observed

Control Radiation Pattern for Half Width Microstrip Leaky Wave Antenna by Using PIN Diodes

In this paper, a novel design for single-layer half width microstrip leakywave antenna (HW-MLWA) is demonstrated. This model can be digitally control its radiation pattern at operation frequency and uses only two values of the bias voltage, with better impedance matching and insignificant gain variation. The scanning and controlling the radiation pattern of leaky-wave antennas (LWA) in steps at an operation frequency, by using switches PIN diodes, is investigated and a novel HW-MLWA is introduced. A control cell reconfigurable, that can be switched between two states, is the basic element of the antenna. The periodic LWA is molded by identical control cells where as a control radiation pattern is developed by combining numerous reconfigurable control cells. A gap capacitor is independently connected or disconnected in every unit cell by using a PIN diode switch to achieve fixedfrequency control radiation pattern scanning. The profile reactance at the free edge of (HW-MLWA) and thus the main lobe direction is altered by changing the states of the control cell. The antenna presented in this paper, can scan main beam between 18o to 44o at fixed frequency of 4.2 GHz with measured peak gain of 12.29 dBi

Analysis on Energy and Coverage Issues in Wireless Sensor Network

Two major fundamental issues in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are energy efficiency and coverage. Energy efficiency is the result of controlling and maintaining the energy usage. A method is considered as energy efficient if it can provide more services with the same amount of energy input, while coverage efficiency is measured by how long and how well a sensor monitors the subjected area. Hence, to obtain an energy and coverage efficiency, maximizing the coverage by reducing the energy consumption needs to be achieved. Our paper presents the potential of Derivative Harmon Search Algorithm (DHSA) in a connected WSN to achieve deployment of node that can cover optimal area and at the same time give low energy consumption

Augmenting Mobile Data Networks using WiFi Offloading: A Measurement Study

The growing popularity and proliferation of mobile devices has resulted in an exponential growth of mobile data traffic or also known as mobile data explosion. Cellular network providers are struggling to address the challenges of bandwidth scarcity and also to meet end user’s expectation of high network capacity. Due to the abundance of existing WiFi infrastructure and significantly inexpensive deployment compared to cellular network upgrade, WiFi offloading seems the most viable solution at the moment. The Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) reported in Internet User Survey 2016 that more than half (59.6%) of Internet users in Malaysia used free Wi-Fi to go online. This work presents a real trace of quantitative study on the role of WiFi networks in augmenting mobile data offloading in Malaysia scenario. The research investigated how much traffic load WiFi offloading takes away from cellular network and its utilization pattern according to a different group of users. An extensive measurement study was conducted by collecting statistics of WiFi connectivity from 100 Android platform users for 18 days. Findings from the preliminary results showed that WiFi offloaded a significant amount of data traffic in user’s daily mobile data consumption. Therefore, it is an interesting alternative for cellular network operators in to accommodate and augmenting the current traffic growth as well as providing insights into their network planning or creative price plans

A Pre-defined Scheme for Optimum Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Network

One of the fundamental issues that needs a serious attention in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is node deployment. A proper node deployment scheme can help extending the lifetime of WSN’s by reducing the energy consumption. In this paper, we implement Improved Harmony Search (IHS) algorithm with several modifications in determining the best position for each sensor node in order to obtain an optimum energy consumption. The number range in selecting the random number to determine a new harmony is expended. Based on the experiment, the result obtained gives lower energy consumption rate. To enhance the energy performance, we test the best sink node’s position to obtain the best position for sink node