9,269 research outputs found
Ecojusticia, equidad y ética: retos para la orientación educativa y profesional
In social and environmental terms we live in precarious and uncertain times, where not only the sustainability of the
planet rests in the balance, but also that of human existence. Many nation-states around the world talk of the
importance of social cohesion, and are aware of the threat of environmental degradation, climate change, and
ecological well-being. However, the dominating global policy discourse, particularly championed in the West, is
located within a delimiting neo/liberal political framework. With a few noticeable exceptions, the influence of
neo/liberal thinking continues to flourish in the contemporary career literature where there has been little deep
critical engagement with the discourse of capitalist economics and how these impact human and environmental
well-being. Often caught up in market-led discourses, and captured by the notion that ‘work sets you free’,
educational and career guidance has been located within an uncritical economic frame. Its energies tend to be
directed towards the preparation of individuals to make ‘good’ educational and occupational choices, underpinned
by the need for ‘clients’ to acquire the skills and competencies demanded by employers (and the economy)
(Bengtsson, 2011; Irving, 2018). The disjuncture between educational and career guidance and social and
environmental justice (i.e. ecojustice) has rarely been breached. In this article, we seek to disrupt dominant
discourses of the market that currently permeates thinking in education by identifying how an ecojustice
perspective provides a forward looking and equitable foundation for educational and career guidance.En términos sociales y ambientales, vivimos en tiempos precarios e inciertos, donde no solo la sostenibilidad del
planeta está en juego, sino también la de la existencia humana. Muchos estados-nación de todo el mundo hablan de
la importancia de la cohesión social y son conscientes de la degradación ambiental, el cambio climático y la amenaza
al bienestar ecológico y social. Sin embargo, el discurso dominante de la polÃtica global, particularmente defendido
en Occidente, se sitúa dentro de un marco polÃtico neoliberal. Con algunas notables excepciones, la influencia del
pensamiento neoliberal continúa siendo hegemónico en el campo de la educación y de la orientación profesional,
donde en términos generales ha habido poco compromiso crÃtico profundo con el discurso de la economÃa capitalista
y cómo este impacta sobre el bienestar humano y ambiental. A menudo atrapada en discursos dirigidos por el mercado
y por la noción de que "el trabajo nos hace libres", la orientación educativa y profesional se ha ubicado dentro de un
marco económico acrÃtico. Se tiende a preparar a los individuos para tomar "buenas" decisiones educativas y
ocupacionales, respaldadas por la necesidad de que adquieran las habilidades y competencias exigidas por los
empleadores (y la economÃa) (Bengtsson, 2011; Irving, 2018). La disyuntiva entre la orientación educativa y
profesional y la justicia social y ambiental (la ecojusticia) rara vez se ha abordado. En este artÃculo cuestionamos los
discursos dominantes del mercado que actualmente impregnan el pensamiento en educación, y proponemos la
adopción de una perspectiva de ecojusticia que proporciona una guÃa para el futuro y contribuye a promover la
equidad desde la orientación educativa y profesional
The Modernization of Legal Lists
Worldwide, fatal traffic injuries and drowning deaths are important problems. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the cirumstances of fatal and non-fatal traffic injuries and drowning deaths in Sweden including analysis of the presence of alcohol and drugs, which are considered to be major risk factors for these events. Data where obtained from the database of National Board of Forensic Medicine. In the first study, we investigated 420 passenger deaths from 372 crashes during 1993-1996. There were 594 drivers involved. In total, 21% of the drivers at fault were alcohol positive compared to 2% of drivers not at fault (p<0.001) (Paper I). During 2004-2007, crashes involving 56 fatally and 144 non-fatally injured drivers were investigated in a prospective study from Northern Sweden (Paper II). The drivers were alcohol positive in 38% and 21%, respectively. Psychoactive drugs were found in 7% and 13%, respectively. Benzodiazepines, opiates and antidepressants were the most frequent drugs found in drivers. Illict drugs were found 9% and 4% respectively, with tetrahydrocannabinol being the most frequent of these drugs (Paper II). We investigated 5,125 drowning deaths in Sweden during 1992-2009 (Paper III). The incidence decreased on average by about 2% each year (p<0.001). Unintentional drowning was most common (50%). Alcohol was found in 44% of unintentional, 24% of intentional, and 45% of undetermined drowning deaths. Psychoactive substances were detected in 40% and benzodiazepines were the most common substance. Illicit drugs were detected in 10%. Of all drowning deaths, a significantly higher proportion females commited suicide compared with males (55% vs. 21%, p<0.001). Suicidal drowning deaths (n=129) in Northern Sweden were studied further in detail (Paper IV). of these, 53% had been hospitalized due to a psychiatric diagnosis within five years prior to the suicide. Affective and psychotic disorders were the most common psychiatric diagnoses. Almost one third had performed a previous suicide attempt. One fourth had committed suicide after less than one week of discharge from hospital. Alochol was found in 16% and psychoactive drugs in 62% of these cases, respectively. In conclusion, alcohol and psychoactive drugs are commonly detected among injured drivers and drowning victims, and probably play a role in these events. Most of the individuals that tested positive for alcohol and high blood concentrations, indicating alochol dependence or abuse. This association warrants futher attention when planning future prevention.
Modeling Stable Matching Problems with Answer Set Programming
The Stable Marriage Problem (SMP) is a well-known matching problem first
introduced and solved by Gale and Shapley (1962). Several variants and
extensions to this problem have since been investigated to cover a wider set of
applications. Each time a new variant is considered, however, a new algorithm
needs to be developed and implemented. As an alternative, in this paper we
propose an encoding of the SMP using Answer Set Programming (ASP). Our encoding
can easily be extended and adapted to the needs of specific applications. As an
illustration we show how stable matchings can be found when individuals may
designate unacceptable partners and ties between preferences are allowed.
Subsequently, we show how our ASP based encoding naturally allows us to select
specific stable matchings which are optimal according to a given criterion.
Each time, we can rely on generic and efficient off-the-shelf answer set
solvers to find (optimal) stable matchings.Comment: 26 page
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