Primers and conditions used.

<p>Primers and conditions used.</p

The results of FBAT/HBAT analyses for the creativity in music (categorical traits).

<p>The most significant findings are shown in bold.</p

The participants of the study.

<p>A. Total of 343 individuals participated in the tests of musical aptitude and filled in the questionnaire, of them 298 gave DNA samples, and 70 reported creativity in music (composing, improvising and/or arranging). B. Subtypes of creativity in music. N = number of subjects.</p

The relationship between music test score (KMT, SP and ST) and creativity in music.

<p>The relationship between music test score (KMT, SP and ST) and creativity in music.</p

The distribution of self-reported creativity in music in the 19 pedigrees.

<p>The distribution of self-reported creativity in music in the 19 pedigrees.</p

The results of FBAT/HBAT analyses a. for the music test scores (quantitative traits).

<p>The most significant findings are shown in bold.</p

Numbers of individuals and heritabilities in each phenotype.

<p>The heritabilities were estimated from the family material. The heritability estimates (H₂R) are accompanied by p-values and standard errors (SE).</p

Merlin linkage results.

<p>Multipoint linkage LOD scores for arranging (a), composing (c) NCNA (e) and other creativity (g). The chromosomal region around the best LOD score is depicted for each phenotype (b, d, f and h for arranging, composing, NCNA and other creativity, respectively). On the best regions, multipoint linkages are illustrated by curves (scale on the left) and the best joint linkage and LD results by points as negative logarithmic values (scale on the right). The X-scale shows positions as centimorgans.</p

Synaptic long-term depression pathway.

<p>The LTD pathway was found to be overrepresented among genes suggestively associated with composing. This diagram shows the main molecules and their relationships that are involved in the LTD process. The climbing fibre originates from inferior olive and parallel fibres from the cerebellar cortex. There are various parallel fibres in contact with each Purkinje cell. Stimuli from climbing and parallel fibre impact Purkinje cell partially through the same receptors (mGluR and AMPAR). Parallel fibres function also through NO and GRID; the climbing fibre through CRFR1 and IGF1R. The climbing and parallel fibres are here shown side by side, but they may reside on different parts of the Purkinje cell. The pathway influences phosphorylation and internalization of AMPAR in parallel fibre, which in turn affects the synaptic function for future stimuli. The molecules and cascades related to genes that were suggestively associated with composing are lined with red (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0148679#pone.0148679.t004" target="_blank">Table 4</a>).</p

Chromosome 4 linked region overlaps with our previous finding with musical aptitude.

<p>Composing is linked to 4q22.1. In a previous article, the same region was found to be linked with KMT scores [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0148679#pone.0148679.ref035" target="_blank">35</a>]. The linkage results are shown with solid lines, composing results on the LOD score scale (axis scale on the right) and KMT results as probability scores (scale on the left). The position information is shown in centimorgans.</p