Russian Military Construction Against the Background of Militarization of her Allies and Opponents, and its Trial by War

The author analyses Russian military reforms of the late 19th and early 20thcenturies and their influence on the efficiency of the army and the behavior of the lower ranks in military action. Strategic failures of the national army in the early twentieth century are explained by the fact that even in the modernized armed forces military service was not the same for all groups of citizens. These aspects of the Russian experience are compared to military reforms among the Great War’s other belligerents. The notion of the military as ‘the armed nation’ came in two variants. In Great Britain, the 1916 law on universal conscription and the effective mobilization of the civilian population became possible due to the high levels of public support for the political system, the proclaimed values of their country, and a national-civil identity. The German model, by contrast, was built on the foundation not of political integration but of the nation’s identification with its army. Russia chose this model but was unable consistently to implement it, primarily because of the extremely low literacy rate among the lower social classes. The low quality of recruits made it necessary to maintain long periods of service for most of the lower ranks. This resulted in a lack of loyalty on the side of the conscripts, and in a negative attitude not only towards military service but also towards the state that established the heavy standards of military duty. The feeling of social injustice was reinforced by the spartan regime that lower class soldiers encountered, while well-educated conscripts - as a rule, from the upper strata of Russian society - were treated better. This discontent increased during the unsuccessful war, further alienating the mass of the conscripts from autocracy and its army

South-Siberian mountain mires: Perspectives on a potentially vulnerable remote source of biodiversity

Changes in climate, land-use and pollution are having disproportionate impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity of arctic and mountain ecosystems. While these impacts are well-documented for many areas of the Arctic and alpine regions, some isolated and inaccessible mountain areas are poorly studied. Furthermore, even in well-studied regions, assessments of biodiversity and species to environmental change are biased towards vascular plants and cryptogams, particularly bryophytes are far less represented. This paper aims to document the environments of the remove and inaccessible Altai-Sayan mountain mires and particularly their bryofloras where threatened specias exist and species new to the regional flora are still being found. As these mountain mires are relatively inaccessible, changes in drivers of change ad their ecosystem and biodiversity impacts have not been monitored. However, the remoteness of the mires has so far protected them and their species. In this study, we describe the mires, their bryophyte species and the expected impacts of environmental stressors to bring attention to the urgency of documenting change and conserving these pristine ecosystems

THE RESOCIALIZATION PROCESS OF ELDERLY AND DISABLED THROUGH CLUB ACTIVITIES IN INSTITUTIONAL CARE

Purpose: The article presents the results of sociological research on the issues of the re-socialization of elderly and people with functional limitations and health problems through club activities, based on the example of five institutions (boarding houses for the elderly and disabled) located in Belgorod region. Methodology: The study was conducted in 2019 and included two stages: (1) the survey of elderly and disabled, living in institutional care (n = 60) and (2) the expert survey (n = 30), including employees and the administration of boarding houses for the elderly and disabled. Result: The research found that the successful re-socialization of the elderly and disabled living in residential institutions depends on a combination of factors: the social infrastructure of the institutional care, health status, interpersonal relations with the staff, the range of social connections, as well as the diversity of leisure facilities and their own activity. The results of the study suggest that the involvement in the club activities of the elderly and disabled, living in residential institutions will become a significant resource for their re-socialization process. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of The Resocialization Process of Elderly and Disabled through Club Activities in Institutional Care is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

Meteorological optical range predictability with the use of high resolution mesoscale models

The report describes and argues in favor of the data base for numerical experiments with hydrodynamic and photochemical atmospheric models with the purpose of the meteorological visibility forecast. The obtained results demonstrate methodological potential of this approach. © (2016) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only

Forecast of extreme weather conditions that promote aircraft icing during take-off or landing

This work presents the results of forecasting meteorological conditions that promote aircrafts icing in the atmospheric boundary layer; the forecasting results were obtained based on mesoscale meteorological model TSU-NM3. Godske formula which is based on the calculation of saturation temperature above ice, NCEP method, and statistical method of Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia were used as criteria of probability of aircraft icing during take-off or landing. Numeric forecast results were compared with physical observations made in the atmospheric boundary layer in October 2012 at the Tomsk airport. A good agreement obtained provided an opportunity to be certain about the above approach viability. © (2015) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only

Tecnología para la formación temprana de resistencia al estrés en el sistema de prevención de la mala adaptación escolar de alumnos de primer grado

The relevance of the stated problem of the crisis of 6-7-year old’s is dictated by the recently growing tendency to bring back children to preschool institutions after a short period at school by parents who notice the child’s painful condition associated with school maladaptation. In this regard, many researchers and practicing educators recommend reviewing the start dates for children at school so that the child starts school at the age of seven. Other teachers notice a significant increase in the work load on primary schoolchildren connected to the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education and the corresponding forms of control and assessment activities. Thus, there was a need to develop new technologies to preserve the health of younger students and allow them to overcome the crisis of the onset of education. The purpose of this article is to describe the developed technology aimed at helping 6-7-year old to overcome the age crisis and prevent school maladaptation with the help of early formation of stress tolerance. The main method in the study is the design of a technology for early formation of stress tolerance and prediction of the results of its implementation in the experimental groups of 6-7-year-old children. The technology is based on the principles of continuity of the educational process between preschool educational organizations and schools. With the implementation of the developed technology the following results were achieved: increased motivation for success and higher somatic health level manifested in sport and creative activities. The above-mentioned results in their turn contributed to crisis prevention, school deprivation of first graders and comfortable overcoming of the crisis of 6-7 year olds. The materials of the article can be useful to organizers of sport and creative activities in preschool educational institutions, educators of preparatory groups, teachers, methodologists in preschool and primary education, as well as physical education teachers and primary school teachers. The materials of the article can be used in the system of advanced training of teachers of physical education and elementary school, as well as in the preparation for professional activities in preschool educational institutions and elementary schools of students of teacher training colleges and universities.La relevancia del problema declarado de la crisis de los niños de 6 a 7 años está dictada por la tendencia cada vez mayor de traer a los niños a las instituciones preescolares después de un corto período en la escuela por parte de los padres que notan la condición dolorosa del niño asociada con la mala adaptación escolar. En este sentido, muchos investigadores y educadores en ejercicio recomiendan revisar las fechas de inicio de los niños en la escuela para que el niño comience la escuela a la edad de siete años. Otros maestros notan un aumento significativo en la carga de trabajo de los escolares de primaria relacionados con la introducción del Estándar Educativo del Estado Federal para la Educación General Primaria y las formas correspondientes de actividades de control y evaluación. Por lo tanto, era necesario desarrollar nuevas tecnologías para preservar la salud de los estudiantes más jóvenes y permitirles superar la crisis del inicio de la educación. El propósito del artículo es describir la tecnología desarrollada destinada a ayudar a niños de 6 a 7 años a superar la crisis de la edad y prevenir la mala adaptación escolar con la ayuda de la formación temprana de tolerancia al estrés. El método principal en el estudio es el diseño de una tecnología para la formación temprana de tolerancia al estrés y la predicción de los resultados de su implementación en los grupos experimentales de niños de 6-7 años. La tecnología se basa en los principios de continuidad del proceso educativo entre las organizaciones educativas preescolares y las escuelas. Con la implementación de la tecnología desarrollada se lograron los siguientes resultados: mayor motivación para el éxito y un mayor nivel de salud somática manifestado en actividades deportivas y creativas. Los resultados mencionados a su vez contribuyeron a la prevención de crisis, la privación escolar de los alumnos de primer grado y la superación cómoda de la crisis de los niños de 6 a 7 años. Los materiales del artículo pueden ser útiles para los organizadores de actividades deportivas y creativas en instituciones educativas preescolares, educadores de grupos preparatorios, maestros, metodólogos en educación preescolar y primaria, así como maestros de educación física y maestros de primaria. Los materiales del artículo se pueden utilizar en el sistema de formación avanzada de docentes de educación física y primaria, así como en la preparación de actividades profesionales en instituciones educativas preescolares y escuelas primarias de estudiantes de escuelas de formación de docentes y universidades

Effect of luminescence transport through adipose tissue on measurement of tissue temperature by using ZnCdS nanothermometers

The spectra of luminescence of ZnCdS nanoparticles (ZnCdS NPs) were measured and analyzed in a wide temperature range: from room to human body and further to a hyperthermic temperature resulting in tissue morphology change. The results show that the signal of luminescence of ZnCdS NPs placed within the tissue is reasonably good sensitive to temperature change and accompanied by phase transitions of lipid structures of adipose tissue. It is shown that the presence of a phase transition in adipose tissue upon its heating (polymorphic transformations of lipids) leads to a nonmonotonic temperature dependence of the intensity of luminescence for the nanoparticles introduced into adipose tissue. This is due to a change in the light scattering by the tissue. The light scattering of adipose tissue greatly distorts the results of temperature measurements. The application of these nanoparticles is possible for temperature measurements in very thin or weakly scattering samples