DIGITAL PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCIES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS

The global COVID-19 pandemic has changed the education system. The use of modern information technologies in the educational process and the introduction of distance learning are becoming more and more relevant. These requirements began to apply to academic disciplines, which a priori are difficult to teach online, in a quarantine situation. Physical education is such a discipline. Requirements for teachers are increasing. The teacher must have digital pedagogical competencies in order to successfully teach this academic discipline in modern conditions. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the level of formation of digital pedagogical competencies among physical education teachers working in institutions of higher and secondary vocational education. The research is based on the European model Digital Competence of Educators (DIGCOMPEDU). A questionnaire for identifying the formation of digital pedagogical competencies was developed on the basis of this model and tested in this study. Teachers were asked to assess, on a 5-point scale, the level of skills and experience in the application of information technologies in the educational process and in the organization of distance learning, as well as to provide specific resources with which they work.44 teachers of physical education from Pskov State University, College of Pskov State University and Velikie Luki State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports took part in this study. It was found that most of all physical culture teachers have formed the ability to work with search engines and knowledge in the field of information security. The skills to produce and use video and graphics content are the least developed. Also an important problem is the lack of experience in the implementation of distance learning among physical education teachers.Groups of teachers with different levels of formation of digital pedagogical competencies were identified using cluster analysis. Five such levels have been identified.The conducted research determines the problem that physical education teachers lack competence in the field of information technologies and their implementation in the educational process even with a mixed form of education (full-time form with elements of distance learning).

Photoelectrochemical characterization and photocatalytic properties of mesoporous TiO

Optically transparent, crack-free mesoporous titania and zirconia-doped titania thin film photocatalysts were fabricated by sol-gel technique, using nonionic amphiphilic block copolymer Pluronic P123 as template. The structural and optical properties of these films were characterized using SEM, low-angle XRD, and UV/Vis spectroscopy, hexane adsorption investigation. Band gap energy and the position of flatband potentials were estimated by photoelectrochemical measurements. Enhancing of photocatalytic activity of zirconia-doped films relative to pure TiO2 originates from an anodic shift of the valence band edge potential. Catalytic activity of mesoporous TiO2 and TiO2/ZrO2 (5–50% of ZrO2) films in the processes of CrVI to CrIII photoreduction and 2,4-dinitroaniline photooxidation correlates with crystalline size and growth with increasing of specific surface area of the samples

ACTUAL MENTAL STATE OF STUDENTS IN PROCESS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES

The transformation of the education system is taking place in modern Russia. There is a transition to a flexible learning system, adapted to the educational needs of every person with any age, cultural, linguistic affiliation. Practical training disciplines are becoming increasingly important. Academic disciplines that form universal competencies are transferred to online learning. Physical Education is such disciplines. All theoretical training is translated online, and the share of classes in the gym is minimized. The purpose of this pilot study is to identify the actual mental state of students in the gym in the conditions of using game and competitive methods. In addition, an important task is to compare the well-being, activity and mood of students studying physical education in the gym and online. An adapted version of the Dembo-Rubinstein technique was used to diagnose such indicators of the current mental state as well-being, activity and mood. The dynamics of these indicators in the conditions of employment in the gym using game and competitive methods was studied using a formative experiment. It was established that real classes in the gym have a positive effect on the actual mental state of students. Most students have improved health, mood, and increased activity. At the same time, classes using the game method, in contrast to classes using the competitive method, are much more effective for activating students and improving their mood. Comparison of indicators of the actual mental state of students in real classes in the gym and online showed that classes in the gym are able to more effectively influence the mood and activity of students.

FEATURES OF COGNITIVE ACTIVENESS OF UNIVERSITY TEACHERS IN RUSSIA

There has been a decrease of the activeness in the sphere of self-improvement among specialists. It can be assumed that this happens with university teachers as well, and the reason for this might be the fall of their cognitive activeness. The author of the article determines the particularity of the cognitive activeness, its most valuable indicators, as well as their psychological factors. The objective is to reveal the peculiarities of cognitive activeness for further scientific justification of the ways of its development. The questionnaire and the experiment methods were used, the cognitive activeness of the teachers was measured with the scale-type survey, worked out by J. J. Zhukov; the satisfaction with the performance was measured with the expert assessments survey, worked out by G. V. Lozovaja; the pedagogical abilities, the motives of professional activity, the successfulness of the performance and the adaptation to it were determined by the A. N. Nikolaev´s surveys. The main results are the following: the components of cognitive activeness dominate – the integration of educational material, supra-situational activity, the interest in cognition. The components of cognitive activeness have an impact on all indicators of teachers' adaptability. Three types of teachers have been identified: those motivated to the success of their activity; those motivated to the process itself; and those who are passionate about their activities. These types correspond to the results of the factor analysis with factors that are focused on the profession and self-improvement through cognitive activeness, on the activity preference based on one´s interests, and on the success of the activity according to one´s abilities.

The need to change the organization of athletes psychological training for competitions

The article considers the arguments about the need to rethink the concept of athletes’ psychological training for the competition. The idea of the article is the shift to the teaching the means of individual psychological training of athletes for the competition. The accuracy of this concept is grounded on the empirical data. The article presents the data of the comparative analysis of employing by athletes the means of psychological training for the competition and opinion of coaches about it. The authors explain the reasons why coaches do not prepare football players psychologically in the process of physical, technical, and tactical training. 5 reasons to explain it are considered in the article. In the process of coaches’ training they are taught to regulate the psychological condition and behavior of athletes, but they are not taught how to train the athletes to do that themselves. The necessity of training football players in the means of self-regulation of their psychological condition for the matches has been proved

Improving effectiveness of scoliotic posture prevention and correction in primary school children

For several decades the problem of prevention and correction of posture disorders in primary school children has not lost its relevance. Statistics show that 68-94 % of primary school students have posture disorders. A special place in the classification of posture disorders is occupied by a scoliotic posture. Such a statement indicates that health improving physical education does not fully solve the tasks assigned to it. Analysis of literature sources allowed us to establish two main reasons for the low effectiveness of prevention and correction of scoliotic posture in primary school children. The first reason relates to the low effectiveness of early diagnosis scoliotic posture, and the second reason is low overage of the aspects of the problem, revealing the model of periodization of fitness training with the children in the theory and practice of physical culture. The results of previous studies have allowed us to suggest ways to improve the effectiveness of prevention and correction of scoliotic posture in primary school children, namely: to expand the range of traditional methods of early diagnosis of scoliotic posture through motor and postural diagnostics; to use a nonlinear model of periodization of physical activity to create optimal conditions for leveling muscle imbalance and the formation of rational motor automatisms and patterns in the context of health training

Inoculation with ASFV-Katanga-350 Partially Protects Pigs from Death during Subsequent Infection with Heterologous Type ASFV-Stavropol 01/08

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is an extremely genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous pathogen. Previously, we have demonstrated that experimental inoculation of pigs with an attenuated strain, Katanga-350 (genotype I, seroimmunotype I) (ASFV-Katanga-350), can induce protective immunity in 80% of European domestic pigs against the homologous virulent European strain Lisbon-57. At least 50% of the surviving pigs received protection from subsequent intramuscular infection with a heterologous virulent strain, Stavropol 01/08 (genotype II, seroimmunotype VIII) (ASFV-Stavropol 01/08). In this study, we assessed clinical signs, the levels of viremia, viral DNA, anti-ASFV antibodies and post-mortem changes caused by subsequent intramuscular injection with ASFV-Katanga-350 and heterologous ASFV-Stavropol 01/08. Inoculation of pigs with the ASFV-Katanga-350 did not protect animals from the disease in the case of the subsequent challenged ASFV-Stavropol 01/08. However, 40% of pigs were protected from death. Moreover, the surviving animals showed no pathomorphological changes or the presence of an infectious virus in the organs after euthanasia at 35 days post challenging. The ability/inability of attenuated strains to form a certain level of protection against heterologous isolates needs a theoretical background and experimental confirmation

Inoculation with ASFV-Katanga-350 Partially Protects Pigs from Death during Subsequent Infection with Heterologous Type ASFV-Stavropol 01/08

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is an extremely genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous pathogen. Previously, we have demonstrated that experimental inoculation of pigs with an attenuated strain, Katanga-350 (genotype I, seroimmunotype I) (ASFV-Katanga-350), can induce protective immunity in 80% of European domestic pigs against the homologous virulent European strain Lisbon-57. At least 50% of the surviving pigs received protection from subsequent intramuscular infection with a heterologous virulent strain, Stavropol 01/08 (genotype II, seroimmunotype VIII) (ASFV-Stavropol 01/08). In this study, we assessed clinical signs, the levels of viremia, viral DNA, anti-ASFV antibodies and post-mortem changes caused by subsequent intramuscular injection with ASFV-Katanga-350 and heterologous ASFV-Stavropol 01/08. Inoculation of pigs with the ASFV-Katanga-350 did not protect animals from the disease in the case of the subsequent challenged ASFV-Stavropol 01/08. However, 40% of pigs were protected from death. Moreover, the surviving animals showed no pathomorphological changes or the presence of an infectious virus in the organs after euthanasia at 35 days post challenging. The ability/inability of attenuated strains to form a certain level of protection against heterologous isolates needs a theoretical background and experimental confirmation

Immunobiological Characteristics of the Attenuated African Swine Fever Virus Strain Katanga-350

The African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the cause of a recent pandemic that is threatening the global pig industry. The virus infects domestic and wild pigs and manifests with a variety of clinical symptoms, depending on the strain. No commercial vaccine is currently available to protect animals from this virus, but some attenuated and recombinant live vaccine candidates might be effective against the disease. This article describes the immunobiological characteristics of one such candidate—the laboratory-attenuated ASFV strain, Katanga-350—which belongs to genotype I. In this study, we assessed clinical signs and post-mortem changes, the levels of viremia and the presence of viral DNA caused by injection of ASF virus strains Katanga-350, Lisbon-57, and Stavropol 08/01. Intramuscular injection of this strain protected 80% of pigs from a virulent strain of the same genotype and seroimmunotype (Lisbon-57). At least 50% of the surviving pigs received protection from subsequent intramuscular infection with a heterologous (genotype II, seroimmunotype VIII) virulent strain (Stavropol 08/01). Virus-specific antibodies were detectable in serum and saliva samples between 8–78 days after the first inoculation of the Katanga-350 strain (the observational period). The results suggested that this strain could serve as a basis for the development of a recombinant vaccine against ASF viruses belonging to seroimmunotype I

An Assessment of Diagnostic Assays and Sample Types in the Detection of an Attenuated Genotype 5 African Swine Fever Virus in European Pigs over a 3-Month Period

African swine fever virus causes hemorrhagic disease in swine. Attenuated strains are reported in Africa, Europe, and Asia. Few studies on the diagnostic detection of attenuated ASF viruses are available. Two groups of pigs were inoculated with an attenuated ASFV. Group 2 was also vaccinated with an attenuated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine. Commercially available ELISA, as well as extraction and qPCR assays, were used to detect antibodies in serum and oral fluids (OF) and nucleic acid in buccal swabs, tonsillar scrapings, OF, and blood samples collected over 93 days, respectively. After 12 dpi, serum (88.9% to 90.9%) in Group 1 was significantly better for antibody detection than OF (0.7% to 68.4%). Group 1′s overall qPCR detection was highest in blood (48.7%) and OF (44.2%), with the highest detection in blood (85.2%) from 8 to 21 days post inoculation (dpi) and in OF (83.3%) from 1 to 7 dpi. Group 2′s results were not significantly different from Group 1, but detection rates were lower overall. Early detection of attenuated ASFV variants requires active surveillance in apparently healthy animals and is only reliable at the herd level. Likewise, antibody testing will be needed to prove freedom from disease