Mortality in the Caucasus

With the collapse of the Soviet Union, Caucasian countries experienced remarkable migration flows, political conflicts, and deterioration of civil registration systems. The reassessment of Armenian and Georgian population after censuses carried out in the early 2000s enables to re-estimate recent mortality levels in both countries. Vital statistics since the 1980s are presented and discussed. Infant mortality is corrected according to sample surveys, and mortality above age 60 estimated through model life tables. On the basis of these estimates, trends in life expectancy were similar in the two countries, unfavourable during the 1990s, especially for males for whom the health progress, notably in Georgia, is still low.administrative data, Armenia, estimation, Georgia, life expectancy, mortality, reliability, survey data

Adult mortality patterns in the former Soviet Union’s southern tier: Armenia and Georgia in comparative perspective

Background: While the health crisis in the former USSR has been well-documented in the case of Russia and other northern former Soviet republics, little is known about countries located in the southern tier of the region, i.e., the Caucasus and Central Asia. Objective: This paper presents new mortality information from two Caucasian countries, Georgia and Armenia. Results are compared with information from two relevant countries previously examined in the literature, Kyrgyzstan and Russia. Methods: Using official statistics (with adjustments when necessary), we compare adult mortality patterns in the four countries since 1979, for all causes and by cause for the recent period. For Kyrgyzstan results are presented by ethnicity, as its mortality levels have been impacted by its large Slavic population. Results: Adult mortality patterns in Armenia and Georgia have been more favorable than in Russia. This appears to be due to a large extent to lower mortality from alcohol-related causes. Mortality patterns in these Caucasian republics resemble those observed in Kyrgyzstan, especially when considering the native portion of the population. Conclusions: As far as mortality is concerned, Armenia and Georgia have weathered the collapse of the Soviet Union better than Russia. These results document a distinct southern tier pattern of adult mortality in the former Soviet Union. Contribution: This article enriches our understanding of the health crisis in the former Soviet Union by bringing new information from two lesser-known countries and further documenting the scale of heterogeneity in mortality experiences across this vast region

Integration of Migrants from Georgia in Countries of Temporary Residence and upon Return to Georgia: What Difficulties do Georgian Migrants Face in the Process of Adaptation to a New Social Environment

CARIM-East: Creating an Observatory of Migration East of EuropeThis is the English version of CARIM-East RR 2012/38 in Russian.In our research we investigated the problems the migrants from Georgia face in the countries of their temporary or permanent residence and tried to verify principal factors promoting migrants’ integration in destination countries and upon their return home. The research is based on author’s analysis of the information drawn from existing scholarly publications on the topic concerned, as well as on the results of interviews held by the author and statistical analysis of primary databases of several migration studies held in Georgia with author’s participation.CARIM-East is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

Migrant support measures from and employment and skills perspective (MISMES) : Georgia

Migrant Support Measures from an Employment and Skills Perspective (MISMES)This report is about mapping and reviewing migrant support measures in Georgia1. Dr Irina Badurashvili, Director of the Georgian Centre of Population Research (GCPR), prepared the report under the coordination of Shushanik Makaryan from the Migration Policy Centre of the EUI. Valuable contributions were provided by Iván Martín as the project coordinator, Philippe Fargues and Alessandra Venturini from the EUI team. From the ETF team, significant inputs and feedback were provided by Ummuhan Bardak and Inna Dergunova

The Socio-Political Impact of Labour Migration on Georgia

CARIM-East: Creating an Observatory of Migration East of EuropeCARIM-East is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

Integratsiya migrantov iz Gruzii v strane ikh vremennogo prozhivaniya i po vozvrashchenii na Rodinu. S kakimi trudnostyami stalkivaiutsya gruzinskiye migranty v protsesse adaptatsii k novoi sotsial'noi srede?

CARIM-East: Creating an Observatory of Migration East of EuropeThis is the Russian version of CARIM-East RR 2012/39 in English.В ходе нашего исследования мы изучили проблемы, с которыми мигранты из Грузии сталкиваются в странах их временного и постоянного проживания и постарались определить основные факторы, способствующие интеграции мигрантов в странах их назначения и по прибытии на родину. Исследование базируется на авторском анализе информации, почерпнутой из существующих научных публикаций по интересующей нас проблематике, а также на результатах авторских интервью и статистического анализа первичных баз данных нескольких исследований по миграции, проведённых в Грузии с участием автора.CARIM-East is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

Circular migration in Georgia

Circular migration of population in the most simple way be identified as a ?? process of leaving and then returning to one?s place of origin? (Newland, 2009, p.6). As experts note, this process is not new, but ?? it is newly on the policy agenda of governments? (Newland, 2009, p.6), as it causes remarkable challenges for both donor?s and destination?s countries. This concerns Georgia as well. Emigration is a new phenomenon for Georgia. It first manifested itself at the beginning of 1990s by the large-scale emigration flows for permanent residence in other countries triggered by war and economic crisis in Georgia. Emigration patterns later transformed into temporary migration flows of working age population that left Georgia to have higher earnings abroad. Hence, as a typical post-Soviet country Georgia was seriously affected by out-migration after its independence in 1991. The last 2002 population census in Georgia registered a drop of some 20 percent compared to the population registered in the 1989 census (State Department for Statistics of Georgia, 2003).Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Unio

Validation of the Short Forms of the Centrality of Religiosity Scale in Georgia

This study presents the validation of the short forms of Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS) in Georgia. This country offers a unique Christian orthodox context with a long-lasting religious tradition and strong affiliation to churches. Translated short forms were administered in the years 2012 (CRS-5) and 2018 (CRSi-7). Participants reported on ideological, intellectual, and experiential aspects of their faith and their private and public religious practice in face-to-face interviews. The collected data was subject to reliability analyses. Scale invariance over time was tested with the CRS-5, whereas the CRSi-7 was examined for model goodness, with one factor—Centrality of Religiosity—with a confirmatory factor analysis. Derived statistical coefficients from large stratified random populational samples (2012: N = 2238 and 2018: N = 1906) show good to acceptable Cronbach’s αs (α = 0.73 and α = 0.67). The composite scores’ means and standard deviations contour norm values for further investigations in social sciences related to religiosity in Georgia. The results of the confirmatory factor analyses show that the Centrality of Religiosity manifests a stable factor, adequately explaining different dimensions of faith life. The high reliability of the CRS-5 over time leads to the conclusion of consistent measurement characteristics and thus, its suitability for longitudinal analysis. The CRSi-7 has a comparable model fit to the CRS-5 providing an alternative for interreligious contexts if needed. Aspects of assessment and analysis are discussed and reasons for the application of the longer version of the CRS are provided in the end

Tsirkulyarnaya migratsiya v Gruzii

Циркулярная миграция населения наиболее простым способом может быть определена как "... процесс выезда и затем возвращения индивидуумов в места своего прежнего проживания" (Newland, 2009, с.6). Как отмечают эксперты, этот процесс не новый, но "... на политической повестке дня правительств он появился недавно " (Newland, 2009, с.6), так как повлёк за собой исключительные вызовы как для стран-доноров, так и для стран-реципиентов. Это также касается и Грузии для которой эмиграция является новым явлением. Она впервые проявилась в начале 1990-х годов в крупномасштабных потоках мигрантов, устремившихся на постоянное жительство в другие страны из Грузии, охваченной военными конфликтами и тяжёлым экономическим кризисом и преобразовалась позже во временную трудовую миграцию населения трудоспособного возраста, выезжающего из Грузии за границу в поисках более высоких заработков. Таким образом, как типичная постсоветская страна, Грузия испытала серьезное влияние миграции после обретения ею независимости в 1991 году. По данным последней переписи населения 2002 года Грузия потеряла примерно 20% своей численности населения по сравнению с с предыдущей переписью 1989 года (State Department for Statistics of Georgia, 2003).Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European UnionRussian version of CARIM-East 2012/6