Comportamiento epidemiológico del hipotiroidismo subclínico y su asociación con factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos en individuos adultos del Municipio Maracaibo, Venezuela

Introducción: La relación entre el hipotiroidismo subclínico (HSC) y diversos factores de riesgo cardiovascular es controversial. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el comportamiento de dichos factores en adultos con HSC del municipio Maracaibo, estado Zulia, Venezuela. Materiales y Métodos: Se seleccionaron 425 individuos de la base de datos del estudio de Prevalencia de Síndrome Metabólico de Maracaibo, en base a historia clínica y determinación de TSH, T3, T4, anticuerpos anti-tiroideos, glicemia, insulina basal y perfil lipídico. Las variables cualitativas fueron expresadas como frecuencias absolutas y relativas y las variables cuantitativas como media aritmética ± DE, se realizó un modelo de regresión logística múltiple para determinar la relación entre los factores de riesgo con respecto al diagnóstico de HSC. Resultados: La prevalencia del HSC fue 9,6% (n=41), presentando elevación de la glicemia, colesterol total, triacilglicéridos y VLDL, y disminución de T3 (p=0,017). La presencia de HSC es directamente proporcional a la edad y presenta una asociación significativa con anticuerpos anti-tiroideos positivos. El HSC mostró incrementar el riesgo para enfermedades cardio-metabólicas como Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 y enfermedad cardiovascular. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de HSC es similar a la mostrada en reportes previos, estando asociado con la presencia de varios factores cardio-metabólicos. Es necesaria la determinación oportuna del perfil tiroideo, especialmente adultos mayores, para un diagnóstico precoz y adecuado seguimiento de este grupo de pacientes.&nbsp

El campo de la práctica docente: una apuesta a la experiencia social

Ponencia presentada en el eje temático 1 "Enfoques , tendencias y sentidos de las prácticas y residencias docentes" en las 2º Jornadas Regionales “Práctica y Residencia Docente”. Bahía Blanca, Argentina. Agosto 2009. Departamento de Humanidades, Universidad Nacional del Sur. CD-ROM.Fil: Baleix, María Deolinda. Instituto Superior de Formación Docente 3 “Julio César Avanza”. Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Díaz, Nilda Mabel. Instituto Superior de Formación Docente 3 “Julio César Avanza”. Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Iriarte, Laura Rosana. Instituto Superior de Formación Docente 3 “Julio César Avanza”. Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Yasbitzky, Laura Rosana. Instituto Superior de Formación Docente 3 “Julio César Avanza”. Bahía Blanca; Argentin

Preferred HPV and HPV vaccine learning methods to guide future HPV prevention interventions among rural Hispanics

HPV vaccination among United States's rural Hispanic youth is suboptimal to the Healthy People 2030 goal. Rural Hispanic parents' HPV vaccine (HPVV) perceptions have influenced these low rates. Furthermore, few effective interventions for increasing HPV vaccination among rural Hispanic populations exist. This study aimed to determine rural Hispanic parent's preferred HPV and HPVV learning methods to guide future HPV prevention interventions. A descriptive qualitative design was used. A total of 23 rural Hispanic parents from South Florida participated in four focus groups. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze the transcripts. Three overcharging themes were identified: 1) Learning method preferences for parents, 2) Learning method preferences for youth, and 3) Learning method preferences for families. Sub-themes included participants' preferences on their interest for an intervention, target audiences, teaching methods, availability of community members, intervention facilitators, and content. Addressing HPV vaccination by developing culturally tailored programs for rural Hispanic parents is urgently needed to prevent HPV and HPV-related cancers among this disproportionately affected population. Findings highlight essential elements that should be considered when designing an intervention for increasing HPV vaccination among Hispanics in rural settings. Pediatric nurses must offer culturally appropriate HPVV education and literature and proactively recommend the HPVV at every opportunity. Pediatric nurses can administer the HPVV at schools and community health fairs while clinics can play educational clips in waiting and examination rooms

Salient factors among Hispanic parents in South Florida rural communities for vaccinating their children against human papillomavirus

Few studies have tried to understand the factors related to HPV vaccination among Hispanics living in rural communities in the United States (US). Nationally, HPV vaccination among Hispanics is suboptimal (26.1%) compared to the HealthyPeople 2020 goal of 80% and even more suboptimal in rural communties. This study aimed to determine the salient factors among Hispanic parents for vaccinating their children against HPV and for designing a future HPV prevention intervention for Hispanics. A descriptive qualitative design was used. Saturation was reached after conducting four focus groups with 23 Hispanic parents from rural communities in South Florida. Directed content analysis using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs was used to analyze the transcripts. All TPB constructs were identified as salient factors for HPV vaccination including background factors, attitudes towards the behavior, perceived norms, perceived behavioral control, actual control, intention, and behavior. Addressing HPV vaccination by developing educational programs based on the TPB and tailored to meet the needs of Hispanic parents is urgently needed to prevent HPV among Hispanics in rural US communities. This approach can also serve as a directive to target HPV vaccination among Hispanics in other rural areas in the US. Pediatric nurses must proactively promote and recommend the HPV vaccine (HPVV), educate parents on having sex-related discussions with their children, include children in the HPVV education and decision, bundle the HPVV with other child vaccines, and utilize reminder systems to ensure completion of the vaccine series. •All Theory of Planned Behavior constructs were identified as salient for HPV vaccine uptake.•Only half of the Hispanic parents living in this rural community had heard of the HPV vaccine.•Hispanic mothers were the main decision-maker for their child's HPV vaccination.•Fear of side effects was the most common barrier to HPV vaccination.•Healthcare providers should have the HPV vaccine stocked at all times

Disparities in Resource Availability, Psychological Intimate Partner Violence, and Depression Among Hispanic Women

This study aims to analyze the relationship between the availability of resources, exposure to psychological intimate partner violence (P-IPV), and depression in Hispanic women in South Florida. This secondary data analysis used cross-sectional baseline data from SEPA (Salud, Educación, Prevención y Autocuidado) III. SEPA III was a randomized controlled trial that tested the SEPA intervention with 320 cisgender, sexually active Hispanic women. Descriptive analysis, logistic, and multiple regressions were conducted. Lower sexual relationship power and attending religious services were associated with higher odds of P-IPV. Reporting a history of P-IPV in the last 3 months predicted depression scores and higher depression scores were associated with higher odds of experiencing P-IPV. Participants with higher depressive scores reported less education, increased emergency room utilization, and less sexual relationship power. P-IPV is highly prevalent among Hispanic women living in South Florida. The availability of personal and community resources can buffer the risk of P-IPV and its mental health consequences. Nurses can strengthen women's resources to prevent Hispanic women from exposure to P-IPV

"ActuaYa": A Preliminary Efficacy Study of a Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Intervention for Older Hispanic Women

Chronic diseases (CDs) are increasingly common among the aging population. Some evidence suggests that older Hispanic women ages 50 years and older (OHW) are at an increased risk for CDs and poorer outcomes than other groups. This study investigated the preliminary efficacy of ActuaYa, a culturally tailored CD prevention and health promotion intervention for OHW. A prospective, single-group, repeated measures study (50) was conducted in Florida. Clinical measures and surveys were collected at baseline and post-intervention at 3- and 6-month follow-up. Descriptive statistics, paired-sampletests, and McNemar tests were used for analysis. At baseline, more than half of the participants had a CD. Post-intervention results showed a significant decrease in participants' MAP, BMI, and A1C, and a significant increase in self-efficacy for exercise and HIV knowledge compared to baseline measures. The results of this study support the preliminary efficacy of ActuaYa in preventing CDs and increasing health promotion among OHW

Feasibility and acceptability of SEPA+PrEP: An HIV prevention intervention to increase PrEP knowledge, initiation, and persistence among cisgender heterosexual Hispanic women

The HIV epidemic disproportionately affects Hispanics in the U.S., with Hispanic women (HW) accounting for 18% of new HIV diagnoses in 2019 despite comprising only 16% of the female population. The imbalance of power related to cultural values and HW's lack of knowledge and low perception of risk for HIV interferes with prevention efforts (e.g., condom use, HIV testing, and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis [PrEP]). It is estimated that in 2019, only 10% of women in the U.S. who could benefit from PrEP were given prescriptions for it. This number is estimated to be significantly lower among HW. PrEP is highly effective for preventing HIV, reducing the risk of acquiring HIV from sexual activity by about 99%. To respond to this need, we developed SEPA+PrEP, a biobehavioral HIV prevention intervention that adapted and integrated SEPA (Salud/Health, Educación/Education, Prevención/Prevention, Autocuidado/Self-Care), an empirically validated behavioral HIV prevention intervention, with the evidence-based biomedical strategy of PrEP. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of SEPA+PrEP among cisgender heterosexual Hispanic women (HW). We used a mixed methods approach to gather data from 44 HW living in the City of Homestead and its surrounding communities in Miami-Dade County, Florida. None of the participants knew about PrEP prior to participating in the study, and the majority (70.5%, n = 23) had not used condoms when engaging in vaginal sex during the previous three months. Overall, study results suggest that SEPA+PrEP is an acceptable and feasible intervention to prevent HIV among HW, with a focus on PrEP knowledge, initiation, and maintenance

Características sociodemográficas asociadas a dislipidemia en el estudio de prevalencia de síndrome metabólico de Maracaibo, Venezuela

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación de factores sociodemográficos con la presencia o no de dislipidemias en la muestra del estudio de Prevalencia de Síndrome Metabólico de la Ciudad de Maracaibo.   Materiales y Métodos: En este estudio participaron 2.230 individuos que formaron parte del Estudio de Prevalencia de la Ciudad de Maracaibo a los cuales se les realizó historia clínica, estudios de laboratorio y antropometría.. Las variables cualitativas fueron expresadas en frecuencias relativas y absolutas, utilizando la prueba del χ2 para determinar la asociación entre variables cualitativas y la prueba Z para los cambios en las proporciones. Las variables cuantitativas fueron expresadas como media aritmética ± desviación estándar, evaluando la diferencia entre dichas medias (entre dos grupos)  mediante la prueba t de Student y entre más de dos grupos utilizando Anova de un factor.   Resultados: De una población de 2.230 individuos, el 77,9% de éstos presentaron alguna dislipidemia siendo el 81,3% (n=953) mujeres y el 74,2% (n=785) hombres; 2:16,381, p=5,17x10-5. La combinación de dislipidemia más frecuente en las mujeres fue la hipercolesterolemia con HDL-C baja (71,6% vs. 28,4%, c2: 29,98; p=<0,001), mientras que en hombres resultó hipertriacilgliceridemia (13,5% vs. 86,5%, c2: 23,00; p<0,001). Con respecto a nivel educativo, esta variable se asoció significativamente con el diagnóstico de dislipidemia mixta con HDL bajas (χ: 21,81; p=7,11x10-5) y con LDL elevadas (χ: 24,52; p=1,94x10-5). En el renglón del estado socioeconómico, se obtuvo correlación con hipercolesterolemia aislada (χ2: 13,3 p=0,01), hipercolesterolemia con triacilglicéridos elevados (χ2: 9,55 p=0,04), y LDL elevadas (χ2:16,53; p=0,002). Conclusiones: se reporta una alta prevalencia de dislipidemias en nuestra población, encontrándose relación con estrato socioeconómico, nivel educativo, estado civil, raza e IMC. Palabras clave: dislipidemia, características sociodemográficas, nivel educativo, estrato socioeconómico, HDL-C baja aislad