Panjang Siklus Estrus dan Struktur Histologi Ovarium Tikus Putih Setelah Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kaliandra Merah

Red calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn.) leaves contain chemical compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and steroids. Previous research of C. calothyrsus leaf extracts showed effect on male mice reproduction, but no research has been done about its effect on estrous cycle and histology structure of albino rat ovary. This research aimed to study the potency of C. calothyrsus leaf extracts as phytoestrogen on the female reproductive organ through observing the estrous cycles, and histological structure and weight of the ovaries. Twenty four of 54-day-old female albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain were divided into four groups i.e. placebo control (given 0.5% Na-CMC solvent) and three treatment groups of C. calothyrsus leaf extracts in dosages 17.5; 35; and 70 mg/kg BW (respectively, group P1, P2 and P3). Treatments were administered orally in 1 ml/rat/day for 20 days. The vaginal smears were investigated from day 5th for 15 days (three estrous cycles). It was carried out every 8 hours/day.  At the end of the treatments, rats were dissected for collecting the ovaries. They were weighed and prepared histologically then by using paraffin method with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The parameters observed were ovary weight and histological structures, including the number of primary follicles, secondary follicles, tertiary follicles, de Graff follicles, corpus luteum, and atretic follicles. The results showed that C. calohtyrsus leaf extracts have a phytoestrogenic potency by shortened the proestrous and estrous phases, increased the corpus luteum number and decreased the ovarian weights significantly at dose 70 mg/kg BW

KOPI DAPAT MENURUNKAN AKTIVITAS ALT DAN AST SERUM DARAH TIKUS WISTAR ALKOHOLIK

Ethanol can damage the liver, indicated by an increase of alanin amino transaminase (ALT) activity and aspartat amino transminase (AST) activity in the blood of alcohol-treated rats. Coffee is rich in antioxidants which are hepatoprotector agent. This study aimed to determine the effect of coffee to reduce alanin amino transaminase (ALT) activity and aspartat amino transminase (AST) activity in blood serum of alcohol-treated rats. The study used 32 male wistar albino rats (200±20g  weight) which were divided into four treatment groups i.e. P0 (negative control which were treated with 1 mL of 30% ethanol/200g body weight (bw)/day), P1 (1 mL of 30% ethanol/200 g bw/day + coffee 0,1g/200g bw in 3,5 mL of water/200 g bw/day), P2 (1 mL of 30% ethanol/200g bw + coffee 0,15 g/200g bw in 3,5 mL of water/200g bw/day), dan P3 (1 mL of 30% ethanol/200g bw + coffee 0,2g/200g bw in 3,5 mL of water/200g bw/day). ALT and AST levels were measured by spectrophotometric method. Data analysis was done by ANOVA followed with LSD test and correlation analysis. The results showed that coffee reduced (P<0.01) the activities of ALT and AST of rats blood serum. ALT and AST activities were significantly different (P<0.01) among treatments and with control. Dose of coffee was negatively correlated with ALT activity with correlation coefficient (R) -0.978 and AST with correlation coefficient (R) -0.985 (P<0,01). The lowest of ALT and AST activities were found at dose of coffee 0.2 g/200g body weight. Keywords: ethanol, ALT, AST, coffe

AKTIVITAS HATI TIKUS (RATTUS SP) YANG DIBERI RANSUM MENGANDUNG TEPUNG DAUN KALIANDRA (Calliandra calothyrsus) DAN KULIT NANAS (Ananas comosus) SELAMA MASA PERTUMBUHAN

Calliandra calothyrsus leaves contain 17-28% protein thus potential as a protein source in animal diet. However, it also contain a high antinutrition of condensed tannins (>10%). The addition of protease enzymes (bromelain) in the diet containing tannins is expected to overcome the negative effects of tannins. Bromelain can be obtained from the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus) including the peel. This study was a feeding experiment on weaned male and female rats during the growth period. This study used a completely randomized design of 4x4 factorial design. The main factor was Calliandra leaf meal substitution levels of 0; 10; 17.5 and 25% in the diet. The sub factor was pineapple peel additive levels of 0; 4.35; 8.70 and 13.05 g/rat/day. Weaned rats were divided into 16 groups and they were fed for two months during growth period. The study showed that there was no interaction between calliandra leaves and pineapple peels on the rat liver activity including the blood levels of SGOT and SGPT levels. SGPT and SGOT levels were not affected by all levels of pineapple peels in the diets. All calliandra levels did not affect the level of SGOT, but 17.5 and 25% calliandra in the diets increased SGPT level

MORFOLOGI FETUS MENCIT (MUS MUSCULUS L.) SETELAH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN SAMBILOTO (ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA NEES)

This experiment was performed to examine the effects of Andrographis paniculata Nees leaves extract on foetus morphology if given during organogenesis period. Thirty pregnant mice were randomly divided into 5 groups for teratogenic effects. Extract was given orally by gavage with 0 (as control); 0,004 (equal to one time dose to human); 7,5; 15; and 22,5 g/g body weight/ day. Treatment was given from day 6 to day 13 of gestation (organogenesis period). Foetus were removed on day 18 of gestation by caesarean section. Quantitative data were analyzed with Anova and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that teratogenic effects increased in dose-related manner by causing foetus death and resorption, hemorrhage and clubfoot

Penampilan Reproduksi dan Perkembangan Skeleton Fetus Mencit Setelah Pemberian Ekstrak Buah Nanas Muda

This experiment was performed to examine the effects of young pineapple (Ananas comosus) fruitextract on reproduction performance and foetus skeletal development given during organogenesis period.Twenty pregnant mice were randomly divided into four groups. The young pineapple fruit extract wastreated orally by gavage with doses 0% (control), 20%, 40%, and 80% since gestation day 6 to 15. Caesareansection were performed to pregnant mice on day 18 to remove foetuses. Observation covered : reproductionperformance (uterine weight before and after foetus removal), the foetus number (reabsorptions, dead/alive foetus), morphological of the foetus (weight and length of the litter, and malformations), and skeletaldevelopment (ossification number of metacarpus, metatarsus, vertebrae caudalis) and malformations ofcostae, sternebrae, and vertebrae. Statistical analysis was performed using Anova and Duncan’s MultipleRange Test.Teratogenic effects caused decreasing of earlier uterine weight and alive foetus, increasingdead foetus and hemorrhage, delayed skeletal ossification (decreasing ossification number of metacarpusand metatarsus) and caused costal malformation (intercostal fusion and convulated costal structure).Young pineapple fruit extract given to pregnant mice during organogenesis alter reproductive performancepregnant mice. The extract also caused morphological abnormalities (cretinism), hemorrhage, delayedossification on metacarpus and metatarsus, and costae malformation of the foetus

PERTUMBUHAN, HISTOPATOLOGI OVARIUM DAN FEKUNDITAS IKAN NILA MERAH (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS) SETELAH PAPARAN PESTISIDA ORGANOFOSFAT

Fish cultures in rice fields or areas that use water from a pesticide-polluted irrigation or river, are particularly vulnerable to the negative impact of pesticides. This study aims to assess the effect of organophosphates on growth, ovarian histopathology and fecundity of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). After acclimatization, 160 fishes (fingerlink stage) were kept in four ponds sized 2x1,5x0,8 m each. This study used a complete randomized block design and organophosphate administration through the feed. The study used four groups: control, and variations in dose of 2 ml (D1), 6 ml (D2), and 10 ml (D3) of pesticide per 100 grams of pellet, which is given in the morning (treatment) and in the evening (regular feed). Data were taken at week 3, 6, and 9, then the organophosphate treatments were stopped, and the last data were taken at week-18. Statistical analysis was performed by Anova and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the organophosphate pesticide inhibits the growth by reducing fish length and weight, reducing ovarian weight, increasing the number of oocyte atresia, damaging structure of the ovarian histology, and decreasing fecundity by reducing the number of egg production in the ovarian of red tilapia

PENGARUH DOSIS DAN LAMA PERLAKUAN EKSTRAK DAUN KALIANDRA MERAH (Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn.) TERHADAP STRUKTUR HISTOLOGI GINJAL MENCIT (Mus musculus L.)

This research aims to determine the effect of red calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsusMeissn.) leaf extrac on the histological structure of the kidney of mice (Mus musculus L.).Treatment was administered orally with varying doses. This research used a CompletelyRandomized Design in factorial pattern of two factors, doses (0 or control, 2, 4, and 6 mg/kgBW) and length of treatment (7, 14, and 21 days), so there are 12 combination groups with 3replications of each. Organ was collected on days 8, 15, and 22 to observe histologicalstructure of the kidney. Renal histological observation of edema, Bowman’s spaceconstriction, and protein deposition, showed no correlation between both factors, but a veryreal correlation occurs in the damage of fatty degeneration, hemorrhage, and nucleuspyknotic. Histological observation of glomerular congestion and infiltration of inflammatorycells did not show any correlation between dose and duration of treatment.Keywords: red calliandra, histopathology of kidney, male mic

MORPHOLOGY AND SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT OF RAT (Rattus norvegicus) FETUS AFTER FED DIETS CONTAINING Calliandra calothyrsus LEAF DURING GESTATION PERIOD

This study aims to determine fetus morphology and skeleton development of rats after feddiet containingCalliandra leaf flour. This study used a completely randomized design with 16 pregnant rats that were dividedinto four treatment groups i.e. 0, 10, 17.5 and 25% of Calliandra leaf flour. The diets were given 20 g/rat/dayeach, twice a day, for 30 days (7 days of diet adaptation, 21 days of gestation period, and one day after birth).One day after the birth, all fetuses were separated from their mother for further preparation and analysis. Thedata were analyzed statistically by using SPSS 22 version. If they were distributed normally, the data would beanalyzed usingOneway ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to see the difference among the groups.Diets containing Calliandra leaf flour fed on pregnant rats decreased weight and length of fetuses and increasedfetus hemorrhage. However, it did not cause dead fetus or decreased the number of life fetuses. Diets containingCalliandra leaf flourfed to pregnant rats did not affect the ossification of vertebrae, costae and sternebrae. However,it inhibited ossification of metacarpus, metatarsus and vertebrae caudalis

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK TAUGE DITAMBAH MADU TERHADAP KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA MENCIT JANTAN (Mus musculus L.)

Bean sprouts, vegetables that are often consumed, contain vitamin E, C, riboflavin, niacin, folate, and some minerals such as selenium, manganese, zinc and iron. Honey contains monosaccharide i.e. fructose, sucrose, glucose, and maltose. This study aimed to investigate the effect of bean sprout extract added with honey to the spermatozoa quality of male mice and the most concentration that affected. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD). Twenty male mice divided into four groups: control (aquadest), P1 (25 mg/g BW bean sprout extract + 0.07 ml honey), P2 (50 mg/g BW bean sprout extract + 0.07 ml honey) and P3 (75 mg/g BW bean sprout extract + 0.07 ml honey). The extracts were given 0.3 ml/mice/day for 30 days. The variables that are observed were spermatozoa motility, morphology, viability and also amount of spermatozoa. Data were analyzed with one way ANOVA and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that bean sprout extracts added with honey gave positive effects by increasing type A motility of spermatozoa but decreased type D motility. The treatments also increased the amount of spermatozoa significantly. However, 75 mg/g BW bean sprout extract + 0.07 ml honey did not affect spermatozoa morphology and viability of male mice (Mus musculus L.). The optimal dose that affected sperm quality in this research was 50 mg/g BW bean sprout extract + 0.07 ml honey. Keywords : honey, Mus musculus L, bean sprout extracts, the quality of spermatozo