Rapid detection of gelatin in dental materials using attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATRFTIR)

The presence of gelatin is not limited to food products but has also been found in pharmaceuticals. Most dental materials available in Malaysia are imported from other countries and might contain gelatin which is a protein derived either from porcine, bovine or other animal sources. Authentication of gelatin is crucial due to religious and health concerns. Therefore, this study aimed to detect gelatin in dental materials using ATR-FTIR. Forty two samples of dental material were purchased from dental suppliers and detection was done using ATR-FTIR. The spectrum from each sample was compared against standard bovine and porcine gelatin. Experimental dental paste containing bovine and porcine gelatin at concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20% were also prepared for quantification analysis. The results showed that gelatin was present in nine out of forty two samples of dental materials but the species of origin was not confirmed. Meanwhile, in the experimental bovine and porcine dental paste, it was seen that as the concentration increased, the intensity of the absorption of Amide group also increased. Thus, ATR-FTIR can be utilized as a reliable tool to detect gelatin in dental materials and other pharmaceuticals

External root resorption (EARR) and interleukin-1β (rs1143634) gene polymorphism in the Bataknese population: a pilot study

External apical root resorption (EARR) is a condition that frequently arises after orthodontic treatment. Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is the gene responsible for the initiation of bone resorption and activating the osteoclasts, and is responsible for the potential of root resorption development. This study investigated the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1143634) in IL-1β gene and its relationship with root resorption in 20 individuals of Bataknese background. Panoramic radiographs of all patients were taken before and after orthodontic treatment. Subjects were classified as either EARR ≥2mm or EARR <2mm based on their permanent central maxillary incisor measurements. Unstimulated saliva samples were taken for genetic screening. The polymorphism was analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction followed by purification and sequencing method. For male subjects, 2 subjects fell under Grade 0, while Grades I, II and III recorded 3 subjects. Meanwhile for female subjects, 7 fell under Grade II, followed by 5 under Grade I, 2 under Grade 0, and 1 patient under Grade II. Following sequencing method, there is no polymorphism detected in all samples. The current study shows that single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1143634) in IL-1β has no role in predisposition towards EARR in the Bataknese population. However, based on the data, we recommend further studies in larger sample populations for better accuracy and consistency

Preliminary investigations of anti-cancer properties of Myrmecodia Pendens on human oral cancer HSC-3 cell lines

Myrmecodia pendens (M. pendens) or also known as Sarang semut is an epiphytic plant which might have potential as a new source of alternative therapeutic agent. Recently, it is reported that M. pendens can inhibit the proliferation of HeLa and MCM- B2 cell lines. We report here for the first time the anti-cancer potential of M. pendens on oral cancer cells derived from human oral cavity, HSC-3 cell lines. MTT assay results showed that M. pendens crude extract markedly induced cytotoxicity on HSC-3 cell lines after 24 h (IC50 = 5 mg/mL) and 48 h (IC50 = 3 mg/ml). The apoptotic activity induced by M. pendens was detected in HSC-3 cell lines by flow cytometry within 24 h. These results suggest that M. pendens may be a potential candidate for oral cancer treatmen

Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with principal component analysis and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of porcine and bovine gelatins in dental materials

Muslims are prohibited from consuming products that contain pig products and their derivatives, including porcine gelatin. Medical and dental products are not exempt from the use of gelatin in their formulation. This study employs attenuated total reflectanceFourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) coupled with principal component analysis (PCA) to detect and distinguish between porcine and bovine gelatins in dental materials. The results were further verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Species-specific primers targeting the 212 bp porcine cytochrome b and 271 bp bovine cytochrome b genes were used to amplify DNA in nine dental material samples. Detection and distinction of gelatin standards (bovine and porcine) against gelatin present in the dental materials was achieved using ATR-FTIR combined with PCA within wavenumber 1756 cm–1–1584 cm–1 (Amide I and Amide II). The detection limit for DNA was 0.001 ng/µL and 0.0001 ng/µL for bovine and porcine gelatins, respectively. Using PCR, one sample, BDM 01, was found to contain both porcine and bovine DNA, while one sample (BDM 14) was found to be positive for bovine DNA. The findings suggest that ATR-FTIR combined with PCA and conventional PCR are applicable for the identification of porcine and bovine gelatin in dental materials. Keywords: Dental Material, Bovine Gelatin, Porcine Gelatin, ATR-FTIR, PC

PAX9 mutation of non-syndromic hypodontia in a Malaysian family

Objective: Hypodontia is portrayed by the missing of one to six numbers of teeth. PAX9 is one of the genes that caused non-syndromic hypodontia. We aimed to investigate the PAX9 mutation of non-syndromic hypodontia with clinical variability in a Malaysian hypodontia family. Methods: Clinical examinations for all participants whilst orthophantomogram (OPG) was taken for hypodontia patient only. Saliva was collected for genetic analysis. Direct sequencing was performed by using exon 2and 3 of PAX9 gene. Results: 3 out of 5 family members are affected with hypodontia. The mother has missing posterior tooth and her daughters have missing anterior teeth. The point mutation was identified on exon 2 on patient 1C; c.620G>T and on exon 3 on patients 1B; c.465delG, 1C; c.273T>G, 1D; c.462delT. Conclusions: Our findings suggested those identified points mutations of PAX9 either on exon 2 or exon 3 is responsible for the hypodontia phenotype in this family

PAX9 mutation of non-syndromic hypodontia in a Malaysian family

Objective: Hypodontia is portrayed by the missing of one to six numbers of teeth. PAX9 is one of the genes that caused non-syndromic hypodontia. We aimed to investigate the PAX9 mutation of non-syndromic hypodontia with clinical variability in a Malaysian hypodontia family. Methods: Clinical examinations for all participants whilst orthophantomogram (OPG) was taken for hypodontia patient only. Saliva was collected for genetic analysis. Direct sequencing was performed by using exon 2and 3 of PAX9 gene. Results: 3 out of 5 family members are affected with hypodontia. The mother has missing posterior tooth and her daughters have missing anterior teeth. The point mutation was identified on exon 2 on patient 1C; c.620G>T and on exon 3 on patients 1B; c.465delG, 1C; c.273T>G, 1D; c.462delT. Conclusions: Our findings suggested those identified point mutation of PAX9 either on exon 2 or exon 3 is responsible for the hypodontia phenotype in this family