Yield and Yield Components in Barley Genotypes (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes under Rainfed Conditions

Grain yield and yield components in barley are complexes depending on the environmental effects and agronomical practices under rainfed environment conditions. This research was carried out in the Trakia region in Edirne (Turkey) location during the 2017-2018 cycles. The experiment was set up with 25 genotypes in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Grain yields (GY), plant height (PH), peduncle length (PL), spike length (SL), number of kernel per spike (KNS), spike weight (SW), spike number per square meter (SNM) and flag leaf area (FLA) were investigated. The combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences among genotypes for all parameters (Plt%253B0.01) except spike length and spike number per square meter. Averaged the overall mean grain yield, genotypes G4 (8432 kg ha-1), and G21 (8119 kg ha-1) had the highest grain yield. Kernel number per spike varied from the lowest to 20.8 (G11) and the highest to 49.2 (G22) in genotypes. The longest peduncle (30.7 cm) was measured in G13. Genotypes G7 (8.46 cm) and G14 (8.23 cm) had the longest spike length. In the research significant (plt%253B0.01) difference was observed in the flag leaf area in barley genotypes. Genotype G23 had the largest flag leaf area (12.67 cm2) and followed by G11 (12.10 cm2). Grain yield was positively correlated with peduncle length (r%253D0.554**) and spike number per square meter (r%253D0.442*). Spike weight and kernel number per spike were positively and significantly correlated (r%253D0.666**). Flag leaf area positively affected and increased spike weight (r%253D0.572**) and kernel number per spike. These results showed that peduncle length had a positive effect on grain yield. Flag leaf area had a significant positive effect on the spike weight of the genotypes. Low precipitation and high temperatures from shooting up to heading stages negatively affected grain yield and yield components

Genotypes by Environment Interaction of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes on Yield and Quality Parameters under Rainfed Conditions

The significant genotype (G) by environment (E) interaction and genetic diversity in the breeding programs are an essential issue for the breeder to develop new cultivars. The experiment was conducted in the Trakia region, Turkey at five environments during the 2015-2016 growing cycles. In the study, 25 advanced genotypes were used in randomized complete block design with four replications. Data on grain yield, days to heading, plant height, 1000-kernel weight, test weight, protein ratio, wet gluten content, gluten index, hardness, and sedimentation value were investigated. The results of variance analyses showed that there were significant differences (Plt%253B0.01) among genotypes based on all parameters investigated. Genotypes when tested across different environmental conditions often showed significant variation in grain yield. Mean grain yield across five locations ranged from the highest 6673 kg ha-1 to the smallest 5008 kg ha-1. Burgaz location was found near the ideal test environment of the average environment coordination. Therefore, location Burgaz should be regarded as the most suitable to select widely adapted genotypes. With the longest vectors from the origin, environments Edirne1 and Edirne2 were the most discriminating location. Considering simultaneously mean yield and stability, G7 and G12 were the best genotypes. G3 is more ideal genotype because it is located in the ideal center. So these genotypes can be used as for the evaluation of bread wheat genotypes in the region. With the longest vectors from the origin, traits plant height, gluten index and protein ratio was the most discriminating parameters. In the evaluation of genotypes, G2 and Pehlivan are quite stable because they are located close to the center of the horizontal axis. Genotype G3 is very favourable because it is located near the center of the horizontal axis and on all traits. G7, G24 and Aldane are located above the axis vertical genotypes are desirable based on parameters profiles

Flag Leaf of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes and Relation with Yield Component under Rainfed Conditions

An experiment was carried out to assess flag leaf fresh and dry weight of advanced bread wheat genotypes and their relation with yield and yield components. A total of 25 bread wheat genotypes were tested during the 2017-2018 cycles in four locations in the Trakia region, Turkey. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with four replications. Grain yield (GY), spike number per square meter (SNM), kernel number per spike (KNS), spikelet number per spike (SNS), spike weight (SW), plant height (PH), peduncle length (PL), spike length (SL), flag leaf fresh weight (FLFW), flash leaf dry weight (FLDW) were investigated. The combined ANOVA revealed significant differences among genotypes (G), environments (E) and their interaction (Gtimes%253BE) for grain yield (plt%253B0.01). The highest grain yield was performed by G21 (6807 kg ha-1) and G20 (6776 kg ha-1). Both genotypes also had higher yield potential across four environments. Therefore, they were considered stable genotypes. Flag leaf fresh and dry weight in wheat genotypes positively affected spike length, spikelet number per spike, kernel number per spike and spike weight. As the plant density per unit area increased, there was a decrease in flag leaf fresh and dry weight. Increasing in the spike number per square meter negatively affected and reduced flag leaf fresh and dry weight in wheat genotypes. Results showed that spike weight, flag leaf fresh and dry weight of the wheat genotypes could be used in the selection of wheat breeding study for yield components. The longest spike, the highest number of grains per spike and the number of spikelets were determined in G17, together with the yield above the average. In addition, G17 had the highest spike weight and flag leaf fresh and dry weight. For this reason, G17 has been determined that can be used in breeding studies due to its agronomic characteristics. The results of the research showed that flag leaf dry and fresh weight could be used for yield components in wheat breeding selection under rainfed conditions

Genotypes x Environment Interaction and Stability of Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Cultivar Under Rainfed Conditions

The significant genotype (G) and environment (E) interaction and genetic diversity in the breeding programs are essential issues for the breeder to develop new cultivars. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of Trakia Agriculture Research Institute Edirne, Turkey at eight environments from 2006-2007 to 2013-2014 growing cycles. In the study, nine released cultivars were used in randomized complete block design with four replications. Grain yield data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), the additive main effect, and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype and genotype-by-environment (GGE) biplot analyses. Stable genotypes were identified with GGE biplot and AMMI models. ANOVA and AMMI analysis revealed highly significant (pthinsp%253Blt%253Bthinsp%253B0.01) differences among test environments (E), genotypes (G), and their interaction (Gtimes%253BE). The graphical result from PCI showed that the first principal component PC1 explained 49.43%25 of the interaction while the second principal component, PC2 explained 29.08%25 of some of the square interaction. The result of PCA revealed that the 2 principal components (PC1, PC2) contributed 78.51%25 of the total variability. The environmental effect was responsible for the greatest part of the variation, followed by genotype and genotype by location interaction effects. Genotypes, when tested across eight environmental conditions, showed significant variation in grain yield. The highest grain yield was performed by cultivar Bereket (G8) and followed by Selimiye (G7) and Gelibolu (G4). Environment E4 and E1was found near the ideal test environment of the average environment coordination. It was determined that cultivars G7 (Selimiye) and G8 (Bereket) were well adaptable to all environmental conditions. Cultivar G4 (Gelibolu) was well adaptable to well fertile environmental conditions

Yield Stability and Physiological Parameters of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes under Rainfed Conditions

The development of barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes over its life cycle depend on a number of environmental abiotic stress factors. Grain losses are often caused by high or low temperatures, drought, and such soil structure. The research was carried out to investigate the yield, stability, some quality, and physiological characteristics of some advanced barley genotypes under rainfed conditions. This research was established with 25 genotypes, in randomized complete blocks design with four replications at 3 locations in 2012-2013 growing years. Grain yield, plant height, days of heading, biomass, canopy temperature, 1000-kernels weight, and test weight was investigated. There were significant differences among the genotypes. Based on location, the highest yield was determined in Tekirdağ location. Cultivar Harman had higher yield potential. The highest biomass was measured for cultivars Harman and Lord and the lowest canopy temperature was measured for the G21 line. Earliness in terms of growing forage crops in the same growing year and short plant height for lodging resistance are very important characters in the Trakya region. G11 and G16 were early, and G6, G7, and G16 were the shortest genotypes. The highest 1000 kernels weight was measured in G3, and test weight in G19 lines. It was determined that cultivar Harman and 5 lines G7, G9, G22, G24, and G25 were well adapted to all environmental conditions. Genotypes Sladoran, G18, G3, and G8 were well adapted to fertile environmental conditions. Canopy temperature negatively affected and reduced grain yield, biomass, test weight, 1000-kernel weight, and protein ratio under rainfed conditions. The result of the study suggested that canopy temperature could be used in a barley breeding program for physiological parameters under rainfed conditions

Flag Leaf in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes and Association with Yield and Yield Component under Rainfed Condition

An experiment was carried out to assess of flag leaf fresh and dry weight of advanced bread wheat genotypes and relation with yield component. A total of 25 bread wheat genotypes were tested during the 2017-2018 cropping cycle in the Trakia region, Turkey. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Data on grain yield, flag leaf fresh and dry weight, days of heading, plant height, peduncle length, spike length, spike number per square meter, spikelet number per spike, kernel number per spike, and spike dry weight were investigated. There were significant differences (Plt%253B0.01, and Plt%253B0.05) among genotypes for grain yield. The mean grain yield was 7172 kg ha-1. The highest grain yields performed by cv Köprü (7781 kg ha-1) while the lowest by G9 (6124 kg ha-1). Ten flag leaf fresh and dry weights of the plant were weighted at heading growth stages (Z55). There were significant differences among genotypes for flag leaf fresh and dry weight. Flag leaf fresh weight was varied among genotypes from 3.25 g to 9.15 g and, the mean was 4.95 g. In the study, ten flag leaf dry weight was varied among genotypes from 1.36 g to 2.37 g and, the mean was 1.71 g. Flag leaf fresh and dry weight positively affected yield component in genotypes. There was a positive significant relation between spike length with flag leaf fresh (r%253D0.526**) and dry weight (r%253D0.529**). Flag leaf fresh (r%253D0.513**) and dry weight (r%253D0.568**) was also significantly positively associated with spikelet number per spike. Kernel number per spike was slightly significant positively correlated with flag leaf fresh weight (r%253D0.377) and significantly correlated with flag leaf dry weight (r%253D0.398*). Flag leaf positively affected and increased spike weight in genotypes and it was found a significant association among flag leaf fresh (r%253D0.489*) and dry weight (r%253D0.531**) with spike dry weight. Flag leaf fresh and dry weight was also slightly positively correlated with days of heading. Results showed that flag leaf fresh and dry weight can be used as an indirect selection in bread wheat for yield components under rainfed conditions

Effect of Canopy Temperature at Different Growth Stage on Yield Component in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes under Rainfed Condition

Bread wheat is the widely growing cereal crops in Trakia region and various environment conditions reducing grain yield. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of canopy temperature at different growth stages in bread wheat genotypes on yield and yield component under rainfed conditions. Research was carried out at Trakya Region, Turkey, in 2017-2018 growing years at 4 locations with 25 genotypes in randomized completely blocks design with 4 replications. Canopy temperature, chlorophyll content, days of heading, grain yield, plant height, peduncle length, spike length, number of spike per square meter, number of spike per spike, number of kernel per spike, and spike weight and also, relationship among these characters were investigated. For determining canopy temperature of the genotypes data was taken at four different plant growth stages (Z41, Z55, Z60 and Z70). The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for grain yield, plant height, days of heading, chlorophyll content, number of spike per square meter, peduncle length, spike length, number of spike per spike, number of kernel per spike and spike weight. Mean grain yield of the genotypes was 616.1 kg da-1, and the highest yields were obtained in G21 line with 680.7 kg da-1 and followed by cultivar Köprü (677.6 kg da-1). Correlation coefficients based on the investigated parameters were determined by Pearsons correlation analysis. Grain yield was negatively slightly correlated with canopy temperature at booting stage (Z41) and negatively significantly correlated at Z51 growth stage (r%253D-0.534**). A significant positive correlation was determined between grain yield and chlorophyll content at Z55 growth stage (r%253D0.600**). It was found significant positive correlation between grain yield and number of spike per square meter (r%253D0.416*) and, peduncle length (r%253D0.469*). A negative correlation was observed between chlorophyll content with canopy temperature at Z41 (r%253D0.595**), and Z55 (r%253D0.586**) growth stages. A moderate negative correlation was found between spikelet number per spike with canopy temperature at Z61, and at Z70. The correlations among physiological parameters revealed that canopy temperature and chlorophyll content were positively associated with grain yield%253B hence these components can be used as reliable selection criteria to improve grain yield in wheat. Thus estimation of correlation analysis among yield and yield components and, physiological parameters may provide effective selection criteria to improve bread wheat grain yield

Influence of responsible leadership on inclusive organizations: A mixed- method study

The ever-increasing diversity in organizations demands deliberate efforts to include the members in organizational activities. Responsible leadership, a blend of corporate social responsibility, ethics, and leadership, can generate willing cooperation and an urge to fully participate, which is pivotal to the success of the inclusive organization. This study explores the influence of responsible leadership on inclusive organization and uncovers its domains and pathways. Sequential mixed methods design has been adopted using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Qualitative data comprise 25 semi-structured in-depth interviews, and quantitative data 800 responses on questionnaires, collected from eight organizations, four each from the manufacturing and services sectors. It has been found that responsible leadership significantly influences the inclusive organization. The influence is exerted in social and ethical domains and follows five different pathways within each domain. It is also concluded that a responsible leadership style is better suited for inclusive organizations

Drought Effect on Root Amount and its Relations with Some Physiological Parameters

Ekmeklik buğdayda kuraklık stresi koşullarında çevresel ve genetik faktörlere göre değişikliklergözlenebilen kök yapısı önemli faktör olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Araştırmada bazı ekmeklik buğdaygenotiplerinin farklı kuraklık seviyelerindeki kök ağırlıkları ile kök ağırlığının bazı fizyolojik karakterlere olanetkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırma, Trakya Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü deneme alanında 2008-2009 ve2009-2010 yıllarında yapılmıştır ve 15 genotip kullanılarak; tesadüf blokları bölünmüş parseller denemedesenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Ana parsellerde beş farklı kuraklık uygulamaları, altparsellerde genotipler yer almıştır. Araştırmada sapa kalkma döneminden fizyolojik olum dönemine kadarfarklı seviyede kuraklık uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada kuraklık stresi uygulaması genotiplerde kök ağırlığınıazaltmıştır. Genotiplerde en fazla kök ağırlığı Bereket çeşidinde (3.618 g) tespit edilmiştir. Kuraklık stresibitkilerde kök ağırlığını farklı oranlarda etkilemiş olup, en düşük kök ağırlığı (2.815 g) tam kuraklık uygulananparselde ölçülürken, en fazla kök ağırlığı kuraklık stresi uygulanmayan koşullarda belirlenmiştir. Araştırmadagenotiplerde kök ağırlığının artışı başaklanma öncesi ve tane dolum döneminde bayrak yapraklarındakiklorofil kapsamını önemli ölçüde artırmıştır. Kök miktarı bütün kuraklık uygulamalarında bitki örtüsü sıcaklığınıdüşürmüştür. Bitkide kök miktarının genotiplerde başaklanma, olgunlaşma gün sayıları ve tane dolumsüresini artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Kök ağırlığı artışında stoma eni ve boyunda artış olurken, stoma sayısındaazalma olmuştur. Kök ağırlığına genotip ve çevre faktörleri etkili olurken yapraklarda klorofil kapsamındaartış kanopi sıcaklığında azalma olmuştur.The root structure, which is a very important factor in arid conditions in bread wheat, may vary depending on environmental and genetic factors. Root weight of some bread wheat genotypes were investigated under different drought stress condition on the root weight and on some physiological characters. This study was carried out in experimental field of Trakya Agricultural Research Institute in 2008-2009 and 2009- 2010 seasons with 15 bread wheat genotypes in split block design technique with 3 replicate. Five drought applications were the main plots and germplasms were sub-plots. Drought applications were performed from stem elongation stage to physiological maturating stage. Drought stress applications reduced the root weight. The highest root weight was determend in CV Bereket with 3.618 g. Drought stress effected the root weight at different ratios. The lowest root weight was obtained to fully drought condition with 2.815 g and the highest root weight was determined at non-stress treatment.The increase of root weight in genotypes promote the chlorophyll content in the flag leaves during pre-emergence and grain filling periods. Root weight reduced the canopy temperature under all drought stress applications. It was determined that when the amount of root in the plant enhanced the number of days of heading, maturation days and grain filling periods were increased. While the root weight promoted the stomata width and length, on the contrary it reduced the stomata number. Though the root weigth and environmental factors were affected by genotypes; chlorophyll content in leaves was increased and canopy temperature was decreased

Bazı Soya Glycine max. L. Çeşitlerinde Verim ile Verime Etkili Özellikler Arasında Korelasyon ve Path Analizi

Bu ara şt ı rma, Harran Ovas ı Şanl ı urfa koş ulları nda 1995 ve 1996 y ı llar ı nda 6 soya çeşidi ile, dekara tohum verimi, ekim zaman ı , çeşit, bitki başı na verim, tohum say ı s ı , 1000 tohum a ğı rl ığı , meyve say ı s ı , ilk meyve yüksekli ğ i, bitki boyu ve dal say ı s ı özellikleri üzerinde durulmu ş ve incelenen özelliklerin dekara tohum verimi üzerine do ğ rudan ve dolayl ı etkileri path analizi yard ı m ı yla incelenmi ştir. Her iki y ı lda da dekara verim ile bitki boyu aras ı ndaki korelasyon önemli bulunmu ştur