Die unfertige Demokratie

DIE UNFERTIGE DEMOKRATIE Die unfertige Demokratie / Stoehr, Irene (Rights reserved) ( -

Two Multiplex Assays That Simultaneously Identify 22 Possible Mutation Sites in the KRAS, BRAF, NRAS and PIK3CA Genes

Recently a number of randomized trials have shown that patients with advanced colorectal cancer do not benefit from therapies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor when their tumors harbor mutations in the KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA genes. We developed two multiplex assays that simultaneously screen 22 nucleotides in the KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA genes for mutations. The assays were validated on 294 tumor DNA samples from patients with advanced colorectal cancer. In these samples 119 KRAS codon 12 and 13 mutations had been identified by sequence analysis, 126 tumors were wild-type for KRAS and the analysis failed in 49 of the 294 samples due to poor DNA quality. The two mutation assays detected 130 KRAS mutations, among which were 3 codon 61 mutations, and in addition 32 PIK3CA, 13 BRAF and 6 NRAS mutations. In 19 tumors a KRAS mutation was found together with a mutation in the PIK3CA gene. One tumor was mutant for both PIK3CA and BRAF. In summary, the mutations assays identified 161 tumors with a mutation, 120 were wild-type and the analysis failed in 13. The material cost of the 2 mutation assays was calculated to be 8-fold lower than the cost of sequencing required to obtain the same data. In addition, the mutation assays are less labor intensive. We conclude that the performance of the two multiplex mutation assays was superior to direct sequencing. In addition, these assays are cheaper and easier to interpret. The assays may also be of use for selection of patients with other tumor types

UniMorph 4.0:Universal Morphology

The Universal Morphology (UniMorph) project is a collaborative effort providing broad-coverage instantiated normalized morphological inflection tables for hundreds of diverse world languages. The project comprises two major thrusts: a language-independent feature schema for rich morphological annotation and a type-level resource of annotated data in diverse languages realizing that schema. This paper presents the expansions and improvements made on several fronts over the last couple of years (since McCarthy et al. (2020)). Collaborative efforts by numerous linguists have added 67 new languages, including 30 endangered languages. We have implemented several improvements to the extraction pipeline to tackle some issues, e.g. missing gender and macron information. We have also amended the schema to use a hierarchical structure that is needed for morphological phenomena like multiple-argument agreement and case stacking, while adding some missing morphological features to make the schema more inclusive. In light of the last UniMorph release, we also augmented the database with morpheme segmentation for 16 languages. Lastly, this new release makes a push towards inclusion of derivational morphology in UniMorph by enriching the data and annotation schema with instances representing derivational processes from MorphyNet

Berliner Agraroekonomen im 'Dritten Reich' Von Max Sering zu Konrad Meyer - ein 'machtergreifender' Generationswechsel in der Agrar- und Siedlungswissenschaft

Die Autorin untersucht die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede bei den beiden Agrarwissenschaftlern Max Sering und Konrad Meyer im Dritten Reich. Sie beschreibt die institutionellen und inhaltlichen Kontinuitaeten der Agrar- und Siedlungsvorstellungen des nationalkonservativen Sering und des nationalsozialistischen Meyer. Nach einer Darstellung der im Jahre 1934 von Meyer durchgefuehrten Zwangsaufloesung des wissenschaftlichen Siedlungsinstituts von Sering schliessen sich einige Ueberlegungen zum agrarpolitischen Dissens zwischen den Nationalsozialisten und Sering am Beispiel von dessen Kritik des Reichserbhofgesetzes von 1933 an. Der entscheidende Wandel bei den siedlungspolitischen Begriffen wird ferner am Beispiel der Geschichte der Zeitschrift 'Archiv fuer Innere Kolonisation' aufgezeigt, die das verbindende Publikationsorgan zwischen Sering und Meyer war. Dies fuehrt wiederum zu der Frage, inwieweit die Germanisierungspolitik von Meyers Ostplanung ab 1940 eine Entsprechung in Serings nationalpolitisch begruendeten Siedlungsvorstellungen fand. Die Autorin eroertert abschliessend das Wissenschaftsverstaendnis der beiden Forscher unter der Fragestellung, warum Meyer Sering nicht neben sich dulden konnte. (ICI2)SIGLEAvailable from UuStB Koeln(38)-20010106512 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman