ERN scalp topographies for individual patients.

<p>Topographical maps and latency of the mean most negative peak in the difference waveforms within 160 ms after saccade onset for individual patients.</p

Saccade-locked ERP and difference waveforms for all patients and controls.

<p>Saccade-locked grand-average ERP waveforms elicited by correct and erroneous saccades at electrode FCz for the control and the patient group and difference waveforms (error minus correct) at FCz for all patients and controls. Bar charts provide mean ERN amplitudes (error bars represent SDs) which differed significantly between groups, indicating ERN attenuation in patients.</p

ERN scalp topographies for patients and controls as groups.

<p>Topographical maps and latency of the mean most negative peak in the difference waveforms within 160 ms after saccade onset for patients and controls on the group level.</p

Overlay of the patients' lesion locations based on the stereotactic map of the thalamus.

<p>The map depicts stereotactic plane 6.3 and is oriented parallel to the intercommissural plane.</p

Age and IQ for patients and controls as groups, and for individual patients and their respective control groups as well as with time since lesion, affected nuclei and additional lesions for individual patients.

<p>MD  =  mediodorsal, VL = ventrolateral.</p

Saccade-locked ERP and difference waveforms for individual patients and respective control groups.

<p>Saccade-locked average and grand-average ERP waveforms elicited by correct and erroneous saccades at electrode FCz for individual patients and their respective control groups, and difference waveforms (error minus correct) at FCz for individual patients and corresponding controls. Bar charts provide mean ERN amplitudes for individual patients and respective controls. Analyses revealed reduced ERN amplitudes in Patient 2 and Patient 3 compared to corresponding samples of controls.</p

Antisaccade task.

<p>The antisaccade task: Upon onset of a peripheral stimulus (cue) in one of the two squares, subjects had to perform an antisaccade to the opposite square as fast and accurately as possible. The correct target location was marked at the end of each trial, and subjects were instructed to press a button if they had erroneously performed a prosaccade towards the cue. a) In half of the trials, no “precue" was shown, whereas in the other half of the trials b) a precue validly marked the target location briefly before the cue was presented. This procedure was introduced to increase error rates <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0021517#pone.0021517-Fischer1" target="_blank">[45]</a>.</p