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Hasil Cek Similiritas Traditional detoxifcation of wild yam (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) tuber in chips processing at East Java, Indonesia
Dioscoreaceae or yam is a family of tuber that comprises many members with variability in utilization and their
intensity of consumption. This family has wide variability and is used not only as food but also for medical purposes
due to their bioactive compounds. One of the Dioscoreaceae family is wild yam (Dioscorea hispida Dennst), rich in
carbohydrates but has an obstacle of high cyanide level. Historically, along with cassava, wild yam is the staple food in some places in Indonesia. There is a long history of traditional detoxifcation methods of wild yam with slightly
diferent steps among diferent places. The shifting of staple food to rice excludes wild yam consumption. One of the
remaining products from wild yam is chips. Wild yam chips are a traditional snack that is also produced by traditional
detoxifcation. This paper is aimed to review the scientifc basis for each step in traditional wild yam chips processing
to remove cyanogenic compounds. This review was based on the observations of traditional wild yam tuber chip processing and unstructured interview with the wild yam tuber chip maker at 6 locations in East Java, Indonesia. Relevant
literature was used to explain the scientifc basis of the detoxifcation methods based on the defnite inclusion and
exclusion criteria. Also, the variability of processing methods was compared among diferent locations. In general, the steps of traditional detoxifcation during wild yam tuber chips processing are slicing the peeled wild yam tubers, mixing with the rubbing ash, pressing, drying, soaking, boiling/steaming, and sun drying. Slicing, rubbing, and pressing in chips processing is aimed to convert cyanogenic glycoside into acetone cyanohydrin. The alkaline pH due to ash rubbing makes spontaneous decomposition of acetone cyanohydrin into HCN. HCN is easily removed by dissolution
and heating (drying and steaming/boiling). Thermal treatment also spontaneously decomposes cyanohydrin into free
HCN. All of the cyanogenic compounds are water-soluble which soaking and washing are aimed to remove all compounds. Consecutive, complicated, and time-consuming processing completely removes cyanogenic compounds and produces safe wild yam tuber chips. The key fnding of this review is the purpose of every step in wild yam tuber detoxifcation has a scientifc basis to reduce cyanogenic compounds gradually. This process produces a very low cyanide level in the fnal product. In conclusion, traditional detoxication reduces cyanogenic compounds to a safe level