Pengaruh Teknik Sintesis Terhadap Kualitas Produk Fattyamina Sekunder

Secondary fattyamines has been synthesized by reacting primary fatty amines with acylchlorides and continued with reducing the corresponding secondary fattyamides formed to secondary fattyamines using LiAIH<I'Fatty amines are raw material of natural-based surfactants that can be derived from fatty acids, olefins, or alcohols, of which can be synthesized from natural sources such as palm oil. Conversion of secondary fatty amides to secondary fatty amines was evaluated through the quality of FTIR spectra on wave number of 1639-1645 em' (C=O vibration) and 1544-1555 em" (vibrations of C-H and of secondary amine N-H). Method of synthesis by using closed reflux syncore reactor was better than those of using microwave teflon tubes, and open reflux. The yield of 9 different secondary fatty amines obtainedfrom 5 to 27 replicates by the closed reflux syncore reactor method varied from 17%to 96%

Isolasi Identifikasi Bakteri Penghasil Xilanase Serta Karakterisasi Enzimnya

Xylanase is an extracellular enzyme produced bymicroorganisms. This enzyme is able to hydrolise xylane(hemicellulose) to produce xylooligosaccharide and xylose.Thermoalkaliphilic xylanase is an agent that can be used asa substitute in the pulp whitening process instead of chlorine.A study was done to isolate, identificate of bacteria andcharacterize xylanase. The isolation of xylanase producingbacteria has been done from soil and waste of starch industry.Colonies which produced clearing zone were presumedas xylanolytic bacteria and chosen for further screening.Identification of potential isolate in xylanase production wasdone using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Isolate Bacilluspumilus RXA-III5 originated from lime or alkaline soil wasmore potential isolate in xylanase production than other 24isolates. Precipitation of xylanase, that was done usingammonium sulphate followed by dialyzes produced xylanaseof a higher specific activity (267.1 U.mg-1) than that usingacetone (131.1 U.mg-1) and ethanol (186.65 U.mg-1). Xylanasewas done at purification produced three fractions of xylanase.Xylanase characteristics consist of pH and temperature(9 and 50oC), Km and Vmaks value 6 mg.ml-1 and 0.2mol.minute-1, respectively. The Fe2+ was the strongest activetorand Mg2+ was the strongest inhibitor activity. This enzymewas detected as a cellulose-free xylanase. Xylanase is aprospective agent for bio-bleaching of paper

Reaksi Transfer Hidrogenasi Minyak Jarak Kastor Serta Aplikasinya Sebagai Bahan Pelunak Kompon Karet

Rubber plasticizer is used to improve rubber processability so as to shorten time and reduce energy consumption during compounding. In general, rubber plasticizer is nonrenewable and environmentally harmful petroleum derivatives due to the carcinogenic property. Environmentally friendly plasticizer can be produced by transfer hydrogenation of vegetable oil. The research was aimed to synthesize new rubber plasticizer from transfer hydrogenation of castor oil using diimide compound which was generated in situ by oxidation of hydrazine hydrate and hydrogen peroxide as well as the application of the new rubber plasticizer obtained on natural and synthetic rubbers compounding. The result showed that the optimum condition of transfer hydrogenation was achieved at a capacity of 1000 ml oil/batch, 40oC for 5 hours, and ratio hydrazine hydrate to hydrogen peroxide at 1:2 due to the hydrogenated castor oil (HCO) had the highest degree of hydrogenation and neutral pH. The application of 10 phr HCO had significant effect on the compounding of EPDM 6250 which was shown by shortest time and lowest energy of compounding, and also by the highest minimum torque modulus. In addition, the crosslink density of rubber vulcanizate which was formed during accelerated sulfur vulcanization was affected both by the addition of HCO and the saturation of the rubber being used

Studi Awal Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi Terhadap Rendemen Dan Kadar Asiaticoside Dari Centella Asiatica (L) Urb

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON INFLUENCEOF METHOD OF EXTRACTION TO YIELD AND CONTENT OF ASIATICOSIDE FROM CENTELLA ASIATICA (L) URB. The process of extracting Canella Asiatic (L) Rub with maceration, sonication, soxhletation and CO2 supercriticalmethod had been done. The effect of extraction to the yield and asiaticoside levels of Centella asiatica (L) Urb has been studied. The results of calculation yield of asiaticoside will be seen that the content of asiaticoside (%) by weight of the extraction process of maceration, sonication, soxhletation and CO2 supercritic row as follows: 6.723; 0.187; 3648 and 9.24%. The yield of the highest asiaticoside obtained from CO2 supercritical, since the technology applied on certain pressure and temperature so that the quality of extracted yield determined by how critical the USAge of pressure and temperature was. Due to these conditions, in addition to changing the density of CO2 , also it affected solubility and selectivity of the substance to extract. The higher the pressure and solubility, the total yields will be higher. To determine the presence of compounds of asiaticoside in Centella asiatica (L) Urb, HPLC analysis is used. From the analysis of the chromatogram can be seen that there are only two peaks were detected. The qualitatively compounds of asiaticoside obtained using CO2 supercritical extraction reached higher levels than the other extractionmethods. Because the technological process of CO2 supercritical extraction utilizing the solvent power and physical properties of pure or the blend components, making it easy topenetrate into the wall material in the extraction and dissolving the active compound component selectively with high product quality and contains no solvent residues so it is more pure

Isolasi Identifikasi Bakteri Penghasil Xilanase serta Karakterisasi Enzimnya

Xylanase is an extracellular enzyme produced bymicroorganisms. This enzyme is able to hydrolise xylane(hemicellulose) to produce xylooligosaccharide and xylose.Thermoalkaliphilic xylanase is an agent that can be used asa substitute in the pulp whitening process instead of chlorine.A study was done to isolate, identificate of bacteria andcharacterize xylanase. The isolation of xylanase producingbacteria has been done from soil and waste of starch industry.Colonies which produced clearing zone were presumedas xylanolytic bacteria and chosen for further screening.Identification of potential isolate in xylanase production wasdone using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Isolate Bacilluspumilus RXA-III5 originated from lime or alkaline soil wasmore potential isolate in xylanase production than other 24isolates. Precipitation of xylanase, that was done usingammonium sulphate followed by dialyzes produced xylanaseof a higher specific activity (267.1 U.mg-1) than that usingacetone (131.1 U.mg-1) and ethanol (186.65 U.mg-1). Xylanasewas done at purification produced three fractions of xylanase.Xylanase characteristics consist of pH and temperature(9 and 50oC), Km and Vmaks value 6 mg.ml-1 and 0.2mol.minute-1, respectively. The Fe2+ was the strongest activetorand Mg2+ was the strongest inhibitor activity. This enzymewas detected as a cellulose-free xylanase. Xylanase is aprospective agent for bio-bleaching of paper

Modification of Synthesis Process of Lawang\u27s Bark (Cinnamomum Cullilawan Blume) as a Cancer Drug Precursor

Piperonal as a precursor of cancer drug (Curcumin analogues) can be synthesized from extract of lawang\u27s bark (Cinnamomum culilawan Blume) with multiple stages, among others: isolation of essential oils, isolation safrole, safrole isomerization, and synthesis of piperonal. Essential oils were isolated from the bark of lawang (the water content of 46.2%) using a water distillation system with 1/3 volume of high boiler for five hours. Isolation of safrole from lawang bark oils was performed using NaOH solution and purified using reduced pressure distillation system at a temperature of 90-123°C / 1 mmHg. The safrole isomerization was undergone using alkali catalyst (KOH) without solvent at a temperature of 120°C for 8 hours. Oxidation of isosafrol was performed using KMnO4 in acidic conditions using a KTF tween 80 at a temperature below 30°C, and purified using silica gel. Results of isolation yield 0.94% with 14 components were determined through GC-MS, including 67.35% eugenol, safrole 13.96%, 12.61% methyl eugenol, 4-terpineol sineol 1.79% and 1.55%. The isolated safrole yield of 17.21% with purity testing and identification using FTIR, 1H- NMR and GCMS confirmed the product was safrole. The isomerization obtained yield of 77.56% with GC analysis indicated compounds of cis-isosafrole and trans-isosafrole. The results of oxidation obtained yield of 65.63% with a purity of 100% by GCMS and the 1H-NMR indicated the product is piperonal

Kajian Manfaat Ekonomis Penerapan Konsep Produksi Bersih pada Industri Karet Remah Berbasis Karet Rakyat

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis manfaat ekonomis penerapan konsep produksi bersihberdasarkan altematif terpilih untuk perbalkan proses pada industri karet remah yang dapal meningkatkanefisiensi dan mengurangi resiko pencemaran dan dapat diterapkan pada penyedia bahan baku (petani karet,KUD, dan pedagang pengumpul) dan pengolahan bokar menjadi karet remah (pabrik karet remah). Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan konsep produksi bersih pada industri karet remah berbasis karetrakyat yang diterapkan pada tahap penyediaan bahan baku dan pada tahap pengolahan bokar menjadi karetremah menghasilkan keuntungan ekonomis dengan (1) penghematan air sebanyak 18,5 m3110n karet kering;(2) penghematan energi senilai Rp. 7.91011on karet kering; (3) tidak diperlukan investasi untuk peralatanpenghilangan bau (malodour); (4) dihindari terjadinya kerugian akibat proses penggantungan selama 14 harisenilai Rp. 70/kg bokar; dan (5) tahapan proses pengolahan bokar menjadi karet remah lebih singkat dengantidak digunakannya mesin hammer-mills. Dampak ekonomis yang bersifat menambah biaya adalah (1)diperlukan investasi tambahan untuk resirkulasi air; (2) investasi fasilitas penggilingan bokar; dan (3) investasibiaya pengolahan Iimbah berupa serum hasil pengpresan bokar pada tingkat petani karet

Pemodelan Kerangka Adaptive Threshold Untuk Memonitor Produksi Minyak Sawit Nasional Berbasis Statistical Process Control Dan Artificial Neural Network-backpropagation

Indonesia is the largest exporter of palm oil in the world, as the largest producer Indonesia still havemany problems. The problem caused by incomparable between the growth of upstream and downstreampalm oil industries. This impact to low added value of palm oil, then Indonesia exports palm oil in crudeform. On the other hand, On the other hand , orientation export of this commodity is also prone of barrier,because Indonesia was not the price setter of this commodity in the International market. Therefore it isimportant to monitor and predict the development of national palm oil production volume in order to takegood anticipation. This research develop a framework model adaptive threshold to monitor the growing ofnational palm oil production volume with techniques of statistical process control (SPC) and back propagationartificial neural network (ANN - BP) methods. Historical data production volume period from 1967 to 2015was used as a base of the behavior as data to determine the threshold and prediction volume for nextperiods. The formation of the threshold value was based on the behavior of the historical data, which areoriented by the epicenter of the average value in the last two periods .Through mapping of data historicalperiod values, existing and forecast values with adaptive threshold can show tolerant level for the threshold.Furthermore, based on the analysis, it is known that the prediction of 2016 to 2018 period, there will behappen the dynamics production volume of national palm oil within tolerance threshold. The values of thesepredictions generated from the simulation model predictions of ANN-BP with the level very good of validationmodel, demonstrated the level of squared errors is very small1 in the MSE = 0.00021136 with a degree ofoutput correlation and the target is very strong2 with R Validation is 99.98 percent

Seleksi dan Formulasi Media Pertumbuhan Bakteri Penghasil Xilanase

Seleksi bakreri penghasil xilanase dan formulasi media pertumbuhan bakteri penghasil xilanase telah dilakukan di laboratorium Bioproses, Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pcrtanian. Seleksi isolat bakteri dilakukan terhadap lima isolat penghasil xilanase yaitu RXAI-5, RXAII-5, RXAIII-1, RXAIII-5 dan RXNI-3), dengan membandingkan hasil kultivasi meliputi biomasa, protein terlarut, akrivitas xilanase dan aktivitas spesifik. Formulasi media dilakukan dengan mengoptimasi konsentrasi peptone, ekstrak khamir sebagai sumbcr nitrogen dan oat spelt xylane sebagai sumber karbon. Analisis percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak faktorial, faktor (A) peptone terdiri atas empat taraf yaitu A1=0, A2=0,I; A3=0,3; A4=0,5% Faktor (B) ekstrak khamir terdiri alas tiga taraf (B1=0,1; B2=0,2; B3=0,3%) dan faktor (C) oat spelt xylene terdiri atas tiga taraf (C1=0,5; C2=0,75; C3=1,0%) dengan tiga kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat baktcri Bacillus pumilus RXAIII-5 dinyatakan sebagai isolat bakteri unggul diantara kelima isolat bakteri penghasil xilanase. Pada formulasi media ternyata protein terlarut tertinggi (0,596 g/l) pada media dengan komposisi 0,75% xilan, pepton 0,5%, ekstrak khamir 0.2%. Aktiviras xilanase dan aktivitas spesifik tertinggi berturut-turut adalah 186,37 u/ml dan 436,45 U/mg protein. Keduanya dicapai pada komposisi media yang sama yaitu pepton 0, 1 %, ekstrak khamir 0, I %, dan xilan 0,5%. Dcngan demikian komposisi tersebut merupakun komposisi mcdi a terpilih yang optimum. Isolat bakteri unggul bersifat alkali ini diharapkan dapar menghasilkan xilanase yang tahan pada pH tinggi sehingga dapat digunakan untuk proses pemutihan kertas yang ramah lingkungan. Selection and Growth Medium-Formulation of Xylanase Producing BacteriumThis research was carried out in the bioprocess laboratory of Indonesian Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research and Development, Bogor. Selection of five isolates (RXAI-5, RXAII-5. RXAIII-1, RXAIII-5 and RXNI-3). xylanase producing bacteria Were based on comparative study of cultivation yield consists of biomass of bacterium cells, dissolved protein, xylanase activity and specific activity, Formulation of growth medium using peptone and yeast extract as nitrogen source and oat spclt xylan as carbon source. Design experiment used at formulation of growth medium was randomized factorial design. with factor A) peptone consist of four level, A 1=0. A2=0.1; A3=0.3; A4=0.5%, factor (8) yeast extract consist or third level (131=0.1, 132=0.2; 133=0.3%) and factor (C) oat spelt xylan consist of three level (CI=0.5; C2=0.7S; C3=1.0%), with three replication. Research result showed that Bacillus pumilus RXAIII-5 is the best bacterium isolate among five isolates of xylanase producing bacteria. In growth medium formulation showed that highest dissolved protein (0.596 g/l) was achieved in the medium containing 0.75% xylan, 0.5% pepton, and 0.2% yeast extract. The highest value of both of xylanase activity and specific activity are 186.37 u/ml and 436.45 U/ml respectivelly. In fact these were reached at similar growth medium composition of 0.1 % pepton, 0.1 % yeast extract, and 0.5% xylan, and consequently became the best of growth media formulation. The potential alcaliphilic bacterial isolate is expected to produce xylanase with high pH stability. The enzyme can be used as environmentaly safe agent for paper bleaching