Identification par GC-MS et GC-FID-O des composés volatils des olives vertes de la variété « Picholine marocaine » : effet de l’origine géographique

La caractérisation des composés volatils et l’effet de l’origine géographique sur le profil aromatique des olives vertes de la région Taza-Taounate-Al Hoceima (Taounate, Taza et Guercif) ont été étudiés. L’extraction des arômes a été réalisée par distillation-extraction simultanée et les extraits ont été analysés par GC-FID-O et GC-MS. Les principaux composés identifiés sont les aldéhydes, les terpènes, les esters, les acides, les composés phénoliques et les cétones. Les aldéhydes sont les composés volatils les plus importants et la proportion varie selon la région (48-63%). Le composé volatil majeur est le (E,E)-2,4-décadiénal suivi de (Z)-3-hexénal-hexanal. Les terpènes représentent 17 à 31% des composés volatils et contribuent à l’arôme global des d’olives. Les olives de Taza peuvent être caractérisées par de faibles teneurs en gaïacol et par des teneurs élevées en alcool, aldéhydes, esters et certains terpènes (α-pinène, α-ocimène et γ-terpinéol). Les olives de la région de Guercif sont plutôt caractérisées par des terpènes (β-myrcène, limonène, 2-méthyl-2-bornène, β- linalool, α- et β-terpinéol, β-caryophyllène et α-farnésène) et par des teneurs élevées en méthional. Les échantillons de Taounate sont moins riches en composés volatils. Le profil des arômes pourrait être exploité pour l’identification de l’origine géographique des olives marocaines et comme marqueur de traçabilité.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Olives, arômes, origine géographique, GC-MS, GC-FID-OEnglish AbstractThe characterization of volatile compounds and effect of geographical origin on the aroma profile of green olives of the Taza-Al Hoceima-Taounate region (Taounate, Taza and Guercif) have been studied. Extraction of the flavors was carried out by simultaneous distillation-extraction and the extracts were analyzed by GC-FID-O and GC-MS. The main compounds identified are aldehydes, terpenes, esters, acids, phenolic compounds and ketones. Aldehydes are the most important volatile compounds and the proportion varies according to the region (48-63%). The major volatile compound is (E, E)-2,4-decadienal followed by (Z)-3- hexenal-hexanal. Terpenes represent 17 to 31% of volatile compounds and contribute to the overall flavor of olive fruits. Samples from Taza may be characterized by low levels of guaiacol and high levels of alcohol, aldehydes, esters and some terpenes ((α-pinene, α-ocimene et γ-terpineol). Olives from the Guercif region are rather characterized by terpenes (β-myrcene, limonene, 2-methyl-2-bornene, β-linalool, α- and β-terpineol, β-caryophyllene and α-farnesene) and by high levels of methional. Olive fruits from Taounate are less rich in volatile compounds. The profile of aromas can be exploited to identify the geographical origin of Moroccan olives and as marker of traceability.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Olive fruits, flavors, geographical origin, GC-MS, GC-FID-

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF ULTRASOUND TRANSMISSION GEL

Objective: Formulation of an alternative ultrasound transmission gel that is of good quality using the available chemicals in Iraqi market and without any harmful effects to skin. Methods: Four formulas G1, G2, G3, and G4 with different Carbopol 934 concentrations (0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6) w/v%, respectively, were prepared and evaluated for different physicochemical characteristics including: Clarity, homogeneity, density, pH, viscosity, and spreadability tests. Other evaluations including skin irritation, microbiological, and stability tests were also performed for the selected formula along with a comparison study with the commercially available ultrasound gel (commercial gel [CG]) which was used as a control. In addition, transmission test was carried out by comparing the transmission between (CG) and (G1) with the assistance of three veterinary radiologists who did ultrasonography of bovine liver for 11 adult cattle breed, aged 3–8 years. The three veterinary radiologists were given 33 data sheets to collect results.Results: Among all the prepared formulas (G1), the formula was considered the best, due to its high clarity, very good homogeneity; its pH was equal to 6.8 which is near to skin pH. Other parameters such as density, viscosity, torque percent, and spreadability showed no significant difference (p≤0.05) with CG. Skin irritation test which was conducted on animals and humans showed no any adverse effects on skin. Microbiological test manifested that using methylparaben alone was sufficient to prevent the growth of microbes in the gel. The three veterinary radiologists found no significant difference (p≤0.05) between G1 and CG formulations. Stability study indicated that the gel was stable after storage at room temperature for 3 months.Conclusion: The overall results suggest that the selected formula (G1) can be considered a successful ultrasound gel and can be used as a good and cheap alternative of the marketed imported gel

Hématome hépatique néonatal: à propos d’un cas

L'hématome hépatique est une affection méconnue, peut être gravissime et son diagnostic se fait souvent lors de l'autopsie périnatale. Devant une symptomatologie clinique, souvent, non spécifique et un tableau biologique retardé, le diagnostic est basé essentiellement sur l'échographie et le traitement est souvent conservateur. Nous rapportons un cas d'hématome hépatique chez un nouveau-né à terme, asymptomatique dans un contexte de traumatisme obstétrical.Mots clés: Hématome, foie, nouveau-né, traumatisme obstétricalEnglish Title: Hepatic hematoma in neonates: about a caseEnglish AbstractHepatic hematoma is a condition of unrecognized origin which can become extremely serious and whose diagnosis is often made during perinatal autopsy. It is often characterised by nonspecific clinical manifestations and a long delay before biological presentation.The diagnosis is essentially based on ultrasound and treatment is often conservative.We here report a case of a full-term newborn with asymptomatic hepatic haematoma due to obstetrical trauma.Keywords: Hematoma, liver, new-born, obstetrical traum

Evaluation of intermittent hemodialysis conducted off-site on patients with renal insufficiency admitted in the intensive care unit of a developing country

Background: In most developing countries, the renal replacement therapy (RRT) in ICU is not performed locally. We designed this study to assess the intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) offsite intakes on survival in critically ill patients admitted with renal failure.Methods: We prospectively analyzed all patients admitted to medical ICU with Acute Renal Failure (AKF) or Chronic Renal Failure (CKF) from February 2011 to September 2013. Patients were divided into two groups: those that received IHD in Hemodialysis Unit (IHD+) and those who did not (IHD-). Every patient IHD+ was matched to a patient IHD - using propensity score.Results: 202 patients were included: 151 with ARF and 51 with CRF. 116 patients were matched (age: 48±18 years; 46F/70M; median serum creatinine: 51mg/l; IQR: 32-90 mg/l). The total number of dialysis sessions was 112 for 58 patients (1.8±1.4 session/patient). The median delay to initiate IHD was 5.5h (IQR: 2-8h) and median duration of transportation was 10 min (IQR: 10-15min) with 23.6% transportation incidents. Significant hypotension with tachycardia were reported during IHD. ICU mortality rate was the same in the both groups (58.6%). In multivariate analysis, CRF (RR=2.69; p=0.006), serum creatinine >50mg/l (RR=3.54; p=0.007) and requirement for vasopressors infusion (RR=1.8; p=0.041) were independent predictive factors for receiving IHD.Conclusions: Our study doesn’t show an improvement in survival in ICU patients who receive IHD offsite. The probability to require IHD offsite increases with CRF and the use of vasopressors

Communication as a Cultural Construct at the United Nations Arabic Translation Service

In this thesis, I examine the practical challenge of constructing communication at the Arabic Translation Service (ATS) of the UN through the process of translation. Unlike in English in which communication has only one equivalent, in Arabic it has many depending on the context. My analysis focuses on analyzing the occurrence of two translation equivalents, namely ittissal and tawassul given that their use in translation sometimes proves to be cultural. I conducted participant observation over the course of a two-month internship at the UN Headquarters in New York. Using grounded theory, I pieced together insights from a database of occurrences of the term communication, interviewed staff members about their opinion about previous translations of communication, witnessed staff interactions during their weekly meetings, and participated in a communication framework to create closer relationships between the ATS and other duty stations outside the UN. The way this framework is designed helps define how communication is understood as both theoretical concept and word used for translation purposes. Adopting an ethnography of communication approach, I illuminate the cultural differences involved in translating the term communication into Arabic in UN documents by an Arab multicultural team. By means of exploring translation issues, I aim at defining the prominent model of communication in the UN ATS community, and showing how this community\u27s talk reflects tensions between different culturally embedded models. My conclusion is that ittissal is preferred over tawassul, the first involving more technical meaning and less contact among people. Some translators disagree with some translations. The UN ATS has its own language, given that it communicates to particular audiences. I aim at finding out why ittissal is the preferred term, why is standard Arabic not used for communication among the staff, and what aspects during translation are cultural

Communication as a Cultural Construct at the United Nations Arabic Translation Service

In this thesis, I examine the practical challenge of constructing communication at the Arabic Translation Service (ATS) of the UN through the process of translation. Unlike in English in which communication has only one equivalent, in Arabic it has many depending on the context. My analysis focuses on analyzing the occurrence of two translation equivalents, namely ittissal and tawassul given that their use in translation sometimes proves to be cultural. I conducted participant observation over the course of a two-month internship at the UN Headquarters in New York. Using grounded theory, I pieced together insights from a database of occurrences of the term communication, interviewed staff members about their opinion about previous translations of communication, witnessed staff interactions during their weekly meetings, and participated in a communication framework to create closer relationships between the ATS and other duty stations outside the UN. The way this framework is designed helps define how communication is understood as both theoretical concept and word used for translation purposes. Adopting an ethnography of communication approach, I illuminate the cultural differences involved in translating the term communication into Arabic in UN documents by an Arab multicultural team. By means of exploring translation issues, I aim at defining the prominent model of communication in the UN ATS community, and showing how this community\u27s talk reflects tensions between different culturally embedded models. My conclusion is that ittissal is preferred over tawassul, the first involving more technical meaning and less contact among people. Some translators disagree with some translations. The UN ATS has its own language, given that it communicates to particular audiences. I aim at finding out why ittissal is the preferred term, why is standard Arabic not used for communication among the staff, and what aspects during translation are cultural