A Review of Alcohol-Related Harms: A Recent Update

In the early decades of the 20th century, discussions regarding alcohol were dominantly directed toward itstherapeutic uses, but authorities now state that any level of alcohol consumption poses negative effects onhealth. Over recent months, increased attention has been devoted to disease burdens attributable to alcoholuse worldwide. As more and more studies are conducted to illuminate the harmful effects of alcohol ondifferent body systems, the mounting evidence generated requires documentation and publication. Thecurrent review was aimed at providing an overview of the recent literature on the adverse consequences ofalcohol consumption

The Effect of Educational Intervention based on the Health Belief Model on Diabetes Screening Behavior in over 30 Years Old men in Shahr-e-Babak

Background: Diabetes is one of the major health problems in the world and half of the affected patients are unaware of it. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the Health Belief Model on the behavior of male subjects attending diabetes screening. Methods: This interventional study was performed on 180 men over 30 years of age. The intervention group (90 ones) underwent educational intervention conducted over four 60-minute sessions. Data were collected using a questionnaire (including 51 questions) filled out through direct interview before the intervention and two months after that. Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used for data analysis. Results: After the intervention, knowledge scores increased in both intervention and control groups. This was due to the implementation of routine training at the centers. But, significant increase in the attitudes and practice was observed only in the intervention group. Also, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action, after the intervention, showed significant increase in the intervention group compared with the control group (P <0.001). Conclusion: Health Belief Model was effective in education of people over 30 years old for participating in diabetes screening programs. Therefore, it is recommended to use this model alongside traditional methods

Social Capital and its Relationship with Drug Use among Southeast Iranian Adolescents

Background: Social capital (SC) is one of the most important assets and a vital determinant of sustainabledevelopment of any country. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the relationshipbetween SC and substance use (SU) in Southeast Iranian adolescents.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among high school students in three cities located in southeast of Iran. We recruited 600 adolescents (329 girls and 271 boys) through multistage sampling duringSeptember to November 2018. The data collection instrument was a self-administered standardizedquestionnaire that included basic demographic characteristics, SC constructs items, and questions about SUbehavior in the participants.Findings: The mean SC score among boys and girls studied was 3.46 and 3.33, respectively (from 5 score).Among the SC constructs, respectively, the lowest and highest score belonged to social trust and [2.84 in girlsand 2.98 in boys with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.06-0.21, P < 0.001] and bonding to family (3.92 ingirls and 4.25 in boys with 95% CI of 0.22-0.44, P < 0.001). The ever use prevalence of at least one substanceabuse was 55.9% (n = 181) for boys and 36.6% (n = 68) for girls. Hookah (41.8%) and alcohol (16.9%) were themost substances abused by participants. One-point increase in score of the constructs of social participation,social cohesion, bonding with family, and bonding with schools was associated with a reduce of 17%, 22%, 26%,and 46% in the probability of ever SU, respectively.Conclusion: There was a strong relationship between SU and SC. Thus, rising SC as an effective communitybased and indirect approach can help policy makers and professionals in preventing SU in Iran. However, priorto any intervention, identification of more causality may be require

The Application of Social Cognitive Theory on Mothers’ Feeding Practices for Children Aged 6 to 24 Months old in Iran

Background Complementary Feeding between 6 and 24 months of age underlies nutritional habits in adulthood which can be formed by mothers through these habits. This study was conducted in Kerman aiming to apply the social cognitive theory (SCT) in feeding practices of mothers for their children aged 6 to 24 months. Materials and Methods This quasi-experimental study, controlled before and after, was conducted in Kerman health centers on 170 mothers with children aged 6 to 24 months, who were selected by multistage random sampling. The data collection tool was a valid and reliable questionnaire which was completed by mothers before and one month after the intervention. Interventions were implemented for 45 days through four sessions. In the intervention program; presentations, booklets, pamphlets, focus group discussions, role playing, demonstrations, and self-control cards were used. Also, bean sprouts were given to mothers and individual counseling was provided. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22.0. Results: Social cognitive theory constructs including knowledge, outcome expectations, outcome expectancies, situational perception, the environment, self-efficacy and self-control could have significant effect on feeding practices of mothers for children (

Development of Risk-Taking Tendency Tool for High School Students

Background: Adolescence is the age of increased sensation-seeking and risk-taking. To prevent such behaviors, the adolescent tendency to engage in high-risk behaviors must be measureable. This study aimed to develop a questionnaire about risk-taking tendencies among Iranian students.Methods: This study was conducted using cluster sampling of the tenth-grade students in three cities in Kerman province, Iran. The students were assured that the questionnaires would remain anonymous and unlinked. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and comparison of known groups. Corrected item-scale correlation and Cronbach's alpha were calculated to evaluate reliability.Findings: A total of 551 high school students participated in this study. Of these, 57 were excluded after checking the “non-existent drug” item (10.3%). Girls accounted for 49.2% of the sample. Of the 33 initial questions, 13 were removed due to factor loading of less than 0.5. Two factors were extracted using the scree plot (“drug abuse tendency" and "other risky behavior tendency"). The tendency toward high-risk behavior was significantly higher in male students than in female ones (P < 0.001). This indicates the known group validity of the questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha of the above-mentioned factors were 0.93 and 0.83, respectively.Conclusion: The questionnaire measuring the tendency toward high-risk behavior among students showed acceptable validity and reliability

Educational Needs of Couples Attending in Pre-marriage Counseling classes in Health Center of Kerman

Introduction:The first step in any educational programs is determining the educational needs of the target group. Providing adequate information to couples helps them to start their marital life based on a correct basis. The aim of this study was to determine the pre-marriage educational needs of couples who are about to get marry. Methods:This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was performed on 250 couples attending in Pre-marriage counseling classes. Available sampling was used in this study. Data were collected by a questionnaire including demographic variables and 47 questions in 7 areas including family planning, congenital diseases, common cancers in men and women, sexual relationships, relationship with spouse and family, and Islamic and legal issues. Data were analyzed using analytical statistics Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, and correlation coefficientthrough SPSS 21. Results:The results show a significant relationshipbetween the need for training and education in women and men (P<0.0001). There was a significant relationship between age and educational needin the field of congenital diseases, in females (P=0.002) and males (P=0.01). The most important educational needs were sexual relationship and relationship with spouse and family. Conclusion:It seems thatcomprehensive information on sexual issues and relationship with spouse and family should be also added to educational content in order to help young couples to have healthier marital life. Key¬words:Educational Need, Pre-marriage Counseling, Couples, Health Center Citation:RezabeigiDavarani E, Khanjani N, Iranpour A, Mohseni M, NajarMansoori S.Educational Needs of Couples Attending in Pre-marriage Counseling classes in Health Center of Kerman. Journal of Health Based Research 2016; 2(1): 79-80

Factors affecting Cardiovascular Patients’ Adherence in the hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences based on the Health Belief Model

Background: Medical adherence is one of the most important behaviors in the care of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting cardiovascular patients’ adherence based on the Health Belief Model in 2016. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 420 cardiovascular patients admitted to Kerman University of Medical Sciences educating hospitals were chosen via convenience sampling, and data was collected by a researcher made questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model about factors effective on medical adherence. The data were analyzed using Chi-square, ANOVA, and t-test in SPSS software 21. Results: In this study, 40.5% of participants had a low level of adherence. There were significant relations between health belief model constructs together, and between adherence with perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy (p<0.001). The Health Belief Model predicted 33.7% of the variance in medical adherence (p<0.001). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study the health belief model can be used in planning and intervening to improve medical adherence in cardiovascular patients. Developing an educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model is suggested for enhancing medical adherence among patients. Keywords: Cardiovascular Patients, Health Belief Model, Adherence, Kerma

Factors Effective on Drug Abuse from the Male Prisoners Point of View: Case Study of One of the Southeastern Prisons in Iran

Background: Identifying the factors effective on the tendency to substance use from the viewpoint of high-risk groups such as prisoners is essential for planning to control and prevent substance use. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to substance use tendency from the prisoners' point of view. Methods: This descriptive and analytic cross-sectional study was performed in the winter of 2015 on male prisoners in one of the southeastern prisons of Iran. Subjects were enrolled by simple random sampling based on the list of prisoners. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics, substance use, factors effective on substance abuse tendency in the individual, interpersonal and social domains. Finally, Data was analyzed using SPSS 20 software with two sample t-test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. Results: The social (mean score 3.67) and individual (mean score 3.56) domains had the highest, and interpersonal domains (mean score 3.48) had the lowest mean scores for the factors affecting substance use tendency. The mean scores of each three domains were significantly different (P<0.001). In the individual domain, a positive attitude towards substance use (3.84), in the social domain, lack of access to counseling services (3.72) and in the interpersonal domain, the friends' component (3.64) had the highest mean scores. Conclusion: Providing supportive and counseling services, limiting access to drugs, changing attitudes about drug use and treatment, and preventing depression should be considered as a basis for substance use prevention program

Pattern of Substance Use and Related Factors in Male Prisoners

Background: Prisoner’s addiction is one of the major problems in many countries which imposes very high medical costs and social harm to communities. This study investigated the pattern of substance use and related factors in male prisoners in one of the prisons in southeastern Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2016. The study population was inmates of a prison in southeast Iran. Sampling was carried out randomly according to the list of prisoners. Data were collected using a form and were analyzed with statistics software SPSS.Findings: More than four-fifths (75.3%) of the subjects consumed at least one substance (alcohol, tobacco and other drugs), 74.4% were smoking, 73.2% used a narcotic substance, and about one-fifth (19.3%) reported drinking alcohol. With a frequency of 62.0%, opium was the most frequently utilized narcotic substance. Poppy juice (31.6%), cannabis (29.8%), crystal (16.9%) and tramadol (16.9%) were the next frequent substances used. A percentage of 41.5% subjects reported using two or more drugs. A percentage of 80.7% subjects reported substance use among their friends, 39.2% by siblings and 37.2% by father. Regression analysis showed predictor variables of substance use were education, substance use by prisoner before being imprisoned, substance use by father, friends and siblings.Conclusion: This study showed a remarkable prevalence of substance use in prisons, which was more than general population. Therefore, it is necessary to consider alternative penalties of imprisonment due to the factors associated with substance use. Screening of people at high risk for substance use should be considered on admission to prison, and primary prevention measures should be focused on them