Cassirer’s Revision of Cohen

Ernst Cassirer has been proclaimed a follower of Hermann Cohen. However, Cassirer modified the basic concepts of Cohen’s theory of knowledge, so that Cassirer’s philosophical positions in many aspects actually stand in opposition to Cohen’s. Although Cassirer did follow Cohen’s methodology coherently, in that path he refuted the main positions of his teacher. Cohen’s philosophical task was forwarding Kant’s critical method to construct a theory of knowledge. He aimed not only to renew Kant’s method in the way he interpreted it, but also to revise, in accordance with Kant’s method, the uncritical positions of Kant's own theory of knowledge. Cohen’s methodology was intended to achieve this goal. In following his teacher’s task, however, Cassirer developed a set of functional concepts which coherently reveal and overturn the uncritical positions in the theory of knowledge, including the one essential for Cohen himself. Consequently, it may be said, Cassirer “revises” Cohen’s system in a same way that Cohen revised Kant

Enumeration of tilings of diamonds and hexagons with defects

We show how to count tilings of Aztec diamonds and hexagons with defects using determinants. In several cases these determinants can be evaluated in closed form. In particular, we obtain solutions to problems 1, 2, and 10 in James Propp's list of problems on enumeration of matchings

Analisis Rendahnya Pemanfaatan Layanan Persalinan Tenaga Kesehatan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Wakaokili Kabupaten Buton

Universitas Diponegoro Program Pascasarjana Program Magister Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Konsentrasi Administrasi dan Kebijakan Kesehatan Minat Manajemen Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak 2012 ABSTRAK Ira Yusnita Analisis Rendahnya Pemanfaatan Layanan Persalinan Tenaga Kesehatan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Wakaokili Kabupaten Buton xiv + 139 halaman + 33 tabel Pemanfaatan layanan persalinan tenaga kesehatan di Indonesia masih rendah terutama di daerah pedesaan. Kondisi ini juga terjadi pada masyarakat di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Wakaokili Kabupaten Buton, dimana pada saat hamil sebagian besar ibu memeriksakan diri ke bidan tetapi saat bersalin lebih memilih dukun. Pemerintah telah melakukan berbagai upaya meningkatkan minat masyarakat untuk bersalin pada tenaga kesehatan namun sampai saat ini belum mencapai hasil yang diinginkan. Untuk itu penelitian ini dirancangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif, metode studi kasus guna memahami alasan yang melatar belakangi rendahnya pemanfaatkan layanan persalinan oleh masyarakat. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara menggunakan pedoman wawancara dan observasi langsung pada layanan kesehatan. Jumlah informan utama 36 orang terbagi dalam 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok sasaran langsung program meliputi ibu bersalin oleh bidan, dukun dan oleh keluarga beserta para suami. Serta kelompok sasaran tidak langsung program yaitu Toma/Toga dan kader kesehatan. Adapun informan triangulasi bidan, dukun dan kepala Puskesmas Wakaokili serta Kabid Kesga DKK Buton Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa alasan yang melatarbelakangi rendahnya pemanfaatkan layanan persalinan tenaga kesehatan yaitu karena mereka tidak mengenal bidan di desa, karena tidak memahami manfaat persalinan oleh tenaga kesehatan, biaya di dukun lebih terjangkau dan karena bidan tidak selalu ada saat dibutuhkan. Selain itu adanya kepercayaan masyarakat bahwa lancar tidaknya persalinan bukan ditentukan oleh penolong persalinan tetapi oleh perbuatan ibu semasa hamil. Juga adanya keyakinan terhadap doa-doa yang dimiliki oleh dukun atau suami menyebabkan masyarakat selalu menyertakan dukun dalam kehamilan dan persalinan guna kelancaran proses persalinan. Untuk itu diharapkan bidan lebih aktif melakukan pendekatan pada warga binaanya. Juga puskesmas dan kepada Dinas Kesehatan untuk melakukan upaya peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat, kapasitasi dan pembinaan dukun dan juga mengkaji ulang insentif bagi bidan dalam rangka peningkatan kunjungan pada bumil baik di rumah maupun yang di kebun. Kata kunci : Persalinan, Perilaku kesehatan, Pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan Kepustakaan : 41, Tahun 1992 -2010 Diponegoro University Postgraduate Program Master’s Program in Public Health Majoring in Health Policy Administration Sub Majoring in Maternal and Child Health Management 2012 ABSTRACT Ira Yusnita Analysis on Low Rate Utilization of Delivery Services by Health Workers at Wakaokili Community Health Center in Buton Regency xiv + 139 pages + 33 tables Utilization of delivery service by health workers in Indonesia was still low especially in rural areas. This condition occurred in communities in the work area of Wakaokili primary healthcare canter (puskesmas) Buton district. Most of pregnant women in this community did antenatal care to midwives, however they chose traditional delivery assistant (dukun bayi) to assist their delivery process. Government had done many efforts to increase community interest to give birth with health workers assistance. However, this effort had not reached what was expected. This was a case study with qualitative approach. Objective of the study was to understand the background for low utilization of delivery services by the community. Data were collected through interview guided by interview guideline, and direct observation in the health services. The number of main informants was 36 people. They were divided into 2 groups. Those groups were direct target program group that included post-delivery women assisted by midwives, dukun bayi, and house member including husbands; indirect target program group consisted of community leaders and cadres. Triangulation informants were midwives, dukun bayi, the head of Wakaokili primary healthcare center, and the head of family health department of Buton district health office. Results of the study showed that background for the low utilization of delivery services by health workers was that community did not know village midwives; community did not understand benefits of giving birth assisted by health workers; the cost of giving birth assisted by dukun bayi was affordable; midwives were not always ready when needed. In addition, there was a stigma that smoothness of delivery process was not determined by who assisted the delivery but by what had been done by the mothers during pregnancy. Furthermore, there was a belief towards praying words spoken by dukun bayi or husbands; this was one of reasons why dukun bayi was included in the delivery process. They believed that dukun would make the delivery process success. Midwives are expected to be more active to approach their supervised community. Primary healthcare center and district health office are suggested to do efforts to improve community knowledge, to train and assist dukun, and to review the incentive for midwives in order to be able increase the number of visits to pregnant women in their house or in the field. Key words : Delivery, health behavior, health service utilization Bibliography : 41, 1992-201

End Games: The Challenge of Sustainability

Examines how funders and grantees approach the challenge of supporting the continued progress and survival of a community-based initiative, after the completion of the project. Offers insights and suggestions to funders and communities

Precession of Isolated Neutron Stars II: Magnetic Fields and Type II Superconductivity

We consider the physics of free precession of a rotating neutron star with an oblique magnetic field. We show that if the magnetic stresses are large enough, then there is no possibility of steady rotation, and precession is inevitable. Even if the magnetic stresses are not strong enough to prevent steady rotation, we show that the minimum energy state is one in which the star precesses. Since the moment of inertia tensor is inherently triaxial in a magnetic star, the precession is periodic but not sinusoidal in time, in agreement with observations of PSR 1828-11. However, the problem we consider is {\it not} just precession of a triaxial body. If magnetic stresses dominate, the amplitude of the precession is not set just by the angle between the rotational angular velocity and any principal axis, which allows it to be small without suppressing oscillations of timing residuals at harmonics of the precession frequency. We argue that magnetic distortions can lead to oscillations of timing residuals of the amplitude, period, and relative strength of harmonics observed in PSR 1828-11 if magnetic stresses in its core are about 200 times larger than the classical Maxwell value for its dipole field, and the stellar distortion induced by these enhanced magnetic stresses is about 100-1000 times larger than the deformation of the neutron star's crust. Magnetic stresses this large can arise if the core is a Type II superconductor, or from toroidal fields $\sim 10^{14}$ G if the core is a normal conductor. The observations of PSR 1828-11 appear to require that the neutron star is slightly prolate.Comment: 40 pages, 1 figure. Discussion added on vortex pinning and compatibility with glitch models. References added and corrected. Typo corrected (Eq. 58

Cost Avoidance Bolstering the Economic Case for Investing In Youth Aging Out of Foster Care

This study bolsters the case for greater investments into the future of youth aging out of foster care. Cutler does so by identifying some of the costs of bad outcomes and estimating the potential savings that could be achieved if youth in foster care were doing as well as others their age. The paper looks at three important areas: education, family formation and criminal justice