In Celiac disease: Type 3a, 3b and grade BI is more frequent on Marsh Modified (Oberhuber) / Corraza classification.

Introduction: Histopathological alterations in celiac disease (CD)are villous atrophy, intraepithelial lymphocyte infiltration and crypt hyperplasia. It is caused by gluten in genetically predisposed persons. Duodenum and proximal part of jejunum are most commonly involved. Various classifications are used to define histopathological features of CD, but it is easier to define on Marsh modified (Oberhuber) Corraza classification. Objective: The object of study is to differentiate histopathogical feature of celiac disease on Marsh modified (Oberhuber) and Corraza classifications Methodology: This retrospective study of 66 cases of CD carried out at Muhammad Medical college Mirpurkhas Sindh Pakistan between January 2016 to December 2017. Fresh slides prepared and dually observed. All observations denoted and systemized on Marsh modified (Oberhuber) Corraza classification. There are many mimics of CD, they should be excluded for the proper approach to diagnosis.  Conclusion:  Histopathogical finding are helpful in CD if they are carefully classified. Typing and grading system of Marsh modified Corraza classification is easier to define and is supportive to observe the features in diagnosis and prognosis of disease.   Key words:  Celiac disease, Intraepithelial lymphocytes, villous atrophy. Histopathology, serolog

Bilateral multiple giant juvenile fibroadenomas of breast.

A case of adolescent girl, with bilateral giant fibroadenomas. On history first appeared as small nodules at the age of eleven years and attempt mass of 1855 grams by seven nodules of various sizes measuring, largest 15 x 14 x 10 cm and smallest 1.5 x 1.5 x 1 in dimensions. Although these developed insidiously over the period of seven years, patient ignored the lesion as well the increased in size. Soon after marriage, her husband realizes that the lesions needs consultation and brought her to Combined Military Hospital Chhor Umerkot

Incidence of Adenomyosis and its association with other benign lesions in Hysterectomy with BSO.

Objectives: To determine the incidence of adenomyosis and to assess its association with co– existing benign lesions. Methodology: This prospective cross section study carried out at the Department of Pathology, Muhammad Medical College Mirpurkhas Sindh Pakistan from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2016. Total 53 cases of hysterectomies with BSO were assessed. All specimens were grossly examined in detail and processed through hematoxylin and eosin stains. All the sections were examined for adenomyosis and its associated co – existing benign lesions. Results: Out of 53 specimens of hysterectomies with BSO, in 39.6% were found adenomyotic foci. The patients mean age was 40 years. Besides adenomyosis alone 14.2%, the associated co – existing benign lesion were ovarian cysts (57.1 %). Endometrial polyps and adenomyomatous Polyps (19 %) and Leiomyomas (9.5 %). Conclusion: Adenomyosis is common in middle aged women. The ovarian cysts are frequent co – existing benign lesions of adenomyosis. Key Words: Adenomyosis, Bilateral Salpingo-oophorectomy, Hysterectomy

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ASTHMA SEVERITY & CONTROL AMONG PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH & WITHOUT CO-MORBID RHINITIS

Objective: This study hopes to compare the severity and control of asthma among patients presenting with and without co-morbid rhinitis. Methodology:This retrospective, comparative analysis was conducted upon a total of 377 asthmatic patients, presenting at the medical out-patient department with and without co-morbid rhinitis. The data was collected using a structured interview based questionnaire (after taking written informed consent) which included in-depth inquiries regarding the asthma severity and control for the past 4 week. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS v. 21. 0. Results: Among the 377 subjects, 200 were males while 177 were females. Mean age of the subjects was 36 years. 172 asthmatic patients in the sample suffered from the co-morbid rhinitis, while the remaining did not have the said comorbidity. Asthmatic patients with co-morbid rhinitis experienced more frequent asthmatic attacks. The incidence of visits to the emergency room and frequency of hospital admissions too was high among asthmatic patients with co-morbid rhinitis. Conclusion: The results reveal that, all attempts to draw a comparison of asthma severity and control among patients with and without comorbid rhinitis yield clear and unidirectional results, leading to a transparent conclusion i.e. the asthma severity and control is considerably poorer in asthmatics with co-morbid rhinitis. Keywords: Asthma, Severity, Control, Rhinitis and Co-morbidity

CASUAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INCIDENCE & EXTENT OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION AMONG SMOKERS & NON-SMOKERS PRESENTING AT A MALE SEXUAL HEALTH CLINIC IN HYDERABAD

Background: The term ‘‘erectile dysfunction’’ (ED) is defined as the inability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. ED affects millions of men throughout the world, with a strong negative effect on the quality of life and well-being of men and couples. The etiology of ED once was considered to be mainly psychogenic. However, because of advances in the understanding of the physiology of erection and the development of modern diagnostic techniques, it is now generally agreed that the etiology of ED is often multifactorial, with psychological, neurological, endocrine, vascular, traumatic or iatrogenic causes.Objective: Smoking, among many other causes, is believed to be associated with smoking. This study hopes to compare the incidence and extent of erectile dysfunction (ED) among smokers and non-smokers presenting at a male sexual health clinic in an attempt to further understand the association. Methodology: This casual-comparative analysis was conducted upon a total of 64 male patients presenting with erectile dysfunction at a sexual health clinic. Inquiries regarding the habit of smoking were made using a structured interview based questionnaire and extent of erectile dysfunction was investigated using the “International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) Questionnaire”. The data obtained was analyzed using MS. Excel 2017 and SPSS v. 21.0. Results: Smokers showed a markedly high incidence when compared to non-smokers. The extent of erectile dysfunction too was observed to be significantly high among smokers in comparison to non-smokers. Ex-smokers too showed a more worrisome IIEF-5 score, when compared to non-smokers. Conclusion: The results obtained, make it abundantly clear that, the association between the incidence and extent of erectile dysfunction and smoking is strong. Although, the research does not attempt to control co-founding variables, the results can be regarded as reliable due to the sheer difference in incidence and extent of erectile dysfunction between smokers and non-smokers. Keywords: Erectile Dysfunction, Smoking, The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) Questionnaire, Sexual Health & Sex Related Quality of Life

EVALUATION OF BANANA PEEL FOR TREATMENT OF ARSENIC CONTAMINATED WATER

Abstract Arsenic is a highly toxic metal and its moblity in surface water and ground water ar

A Safe Quick Technique for Placement of the First Access Port for Creation of Pneumoperitoneum

The authors recommend a modified open technique in placing the first port when intraabdominal adhesions are expected

Comparison of Immunochromatography test (ICT) with real time polymerase chain reaction (RT – PCR) in detection of HCV.

Objectives: To compare ICT rapid test with RT- PCR. Methodology: This study conducted at Pathological Laboratory Muhammad Medical College Hospital during July-August 2016 with collaboration of The Health Foundation District Sanghar at Goth Haji Khair Muhammad Junejo Kandiari Dist: Sanghar Sindh. 400 subjects from whole the population approximately 674 persons of Goth Haji Khair Mohammad Junejo taulka kandiari district Sanghar were selected in between the age of 10 years to 70 years. The purpose was to treat them if they are HCV positive. All the subjects were first screened for Anti – HCV on ICT method, and then all positive cases were confirmed on RT – PCR. Results: This study conducted during the month of July and August 2016. Total 400 asymptomatic subjects from both male and female were screened by ICT method for Anti – HCV. Out of 400 subjects, 142 (35.5%) were positive. The serum of all 142 subjects positive on ICT, sent to Rawalpindi for HCV qualitative test on RT – PCR, HCV detected in 84 (59.16%) cases and 58 (40.84%) cases were negative. The ratio of variation (ICT: RT-PCR) was 1.44. Conclusion:  Rapid ICT method is less sensitive compare to RT – PCR. There is variation of results in between two methods. All positive cases on ICT must be confirmed on RT – PCR. There is false positivity in ICT method.   Key word: ICT (Immunochromatography test) RT – PCR (Real time polymerase chain reaction) RIA (Radio immunoassay) ELISA (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) EIA (Enzyme immunoassay). &nbsp

CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF INTER-RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSULIN RESISTANCE AND HYPERTENSION AMONG PATIENTS AT LIAQUAT UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL

Background: Insulin resistance and hypertension often stem from the same genotypic and phenotypic phenomenon. It is well established that a sedentary lifestyle, and a plentiful diet rich in sodium and energy are the likely culprits that over the years have contributed to the rise of both ailments. However, the inter-relationship too is worthy of exploration. Objective: This research hopes to study the inter-relationship between insulin resistance and hypertension among patients by eyeing the co-presentation of both diseases in patients and by evaluating the time elapsed in diagnosis of each disease to assess which disease preceded the other. Methods: This observational was carried out on patients presenting at the medicine outpatient department of Liaquat University Hospital with a joint complaint of insulin resistance and hypertension from 1st Dec 2015 to 10th February 2016. Data was collected using an interview based structured questionnaire administered to the patients after taking written informed consent. The data was analyzed in SPSS v. 16.0. Results: During the course of the study, a total of 248 patients presented with the complaint of insulin resistance, 356 patients presented with the complaint of hypertension. While 136 patients presented with a joint complaint of insulin resistance and hypertension. Majority (70.588%) of the patients reportedly developed insulin resistance prior to developing hypertension. The chief complaint of 120 (88.24%) of the patients was insulin resistance. 42 (30.88%) of the patients, despite suffering from hypertension, were not taking treatment. Conclusion: The inter-relationship of both diseases is marked. For every 10 patients suffering from insulin resistance, 3.7 suffered from hypertension as well. While for every 10 patients suffering from hypertension, 2.8 suffered from insulin resistance as well. Thus patients suffering from insulin resistance are more likely to be hypertensives. Keywords: Insulin resistance, Hypertension, Cardiac comorbidities, Diabetes and Insulin

Forensic Analysis of Tor Browser on Windows 10 and Android 10 Operating Systems

Smartphones and Internet have become prevalent in our society with various applications in businesses, education, healthcare, gaming, and research. One of the major issues with the Internet today is its lack of security since an eavesdropper can potentially intercept the communication. This has contributed towards an increased number of cyber-crime incidents, resulting in an increase in users’ consciousness about the security and privacy of their communication . One example is the shift towards using private browsers such as Tor. Tor is a well-recognized and widely used privacy browser based on The Onion Router network that provisions anonymity over the insecure Internet. This functionality of Tor has been a major hurdle in cybercrime investigations due to the complex nature of its anonymity. This paper investigates artifacts from the Tor privacy browser on the latest Windows 10 and Android 10 devices to determine potential areas where evidence can be found. We examine the registry, storage, and memory of Windows 10 devices and the memory, storage, logs, and Zram of Android 10 devices for three possible scenarios i.e. before, during, and after use of the Tor browser. Our results do not support the claims made by the Tor Project regarding user privacy and anonymity. We find that it is possible to retrieve significant details about a user’s browsing activities while the Tor browser is in use as well as after it is closed (on both operating systems). This paper also provides an investigative methodology for the acquisition and analysis of Tor browser artifacts from different areas of the targeted operating systems. Therefore, it can serve as a base to expand research in the forensic analysis of other privacy browsers and improve the efficiency of cybercrime investigations efficiency