Mean Duration of Active Phase of Labour between Amniotomy [Artificial Rupture of Membranes (AROM)] and Spontaneous Rupture of Membranes (SRM) in Primigravida

Background: Labor is “the presence of uterine contractions of sufficient frequency, duration, and intensity to cause demonstrable effacement and dilation of the cervix” whose evaluation of progress is restricted to episodes of rudimentary examination of cervix while prospectively pointing the onset of labor still remains a challenge. This randomized trial was done to ascertain the short duration of labor in primigravida in active phase labor. Objectives: To compare the mean duration of active phase of labour between amniotomy [artificial rupture of membranes (AROM)] and spontaneous rupture of membranes (SRM) in primigravida. Materials and methods: A total 120 patients who were admitted in Labour room of Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Nishtar Hospital, Multan in this randomized controlled Trial. In group A patients, Amniotomy (also referred to as artificial rupture of membranes [AROM]) was performed by using Kocker’s forceps in a controlled manner under aseptic measures with prophylactic antibiotics cover. Color of liquor was noted. In group B, patients with spontaneous rupture of membranes (SRM) were included. In both groups, labor was followed by keeping record of fetal heart sounds and vaginal examination one hourly to see the progress of labor. Duration of labor was noted in every patient of both groups as per partogram.  All the data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Our study comprised of a total of 120 primigravida females in active phase of labor. Mean age of our study cases was 25.13 ± 2.61 years ranging 22- 31 years. Mean gestational age of our study cases was 38.41± 1.18 weeks (ranging 37 – 41 weeks). Mean body mass index (BMI) of our study cases was noted to be 23.89 ± 1.66 kg/m2. Mean duration of active phase of labor in our study was noted to be 5.14 ± 0.83 hours. Mean duration of active phase of labor in group A was 4.61 ± 0.59 hours while that of in group B was 5.67 ± 0.70 hours (p= 0. 000). Conclusion: Artificial rupture of membrane is safe, reliable and cost effective modality when employed in primigravida. Our study results indicate that artificial rupture of membrane in active phase of labor in primigravida is associated with significant reduction in duration of labor which reduces fetomaternal morbidity and mortality. Artificial rupture of membrane can be effectively employed to decrease hospital costs which is not only beneficial to the suffering families but also a relief for hospital authorities as well as healthcare professionals. Keywords: Primigravida, Spontaneous rupture, duration of labor, artificial rupture of membranes

EFFECT OF HONEY DRESSING VERSUS POVIDINE PYODINE DRESSING IN POST-CESAREAN INFECTED WOUND HEALING

Background; Wound complications are of the most common morbidities following cesarean section and it affects mother`s quality of life due to stress, anxiety, delay in mother`s ability and health recovery, and also they are associated with additional cost as a result of the increased need for wide spectrum antibiotics and sometimes hospitalization and repeated repair of wound. Objective; To compare the efficacy of honey dressing versus povidine pyodine dressing in post-cesarean infected wound healing. Material and Methods; A total of 62 post-cesarean surgical site wounds that were infected (discharge of pus from wound on examination) of > 7 days were deemed as positive, <15 cm and > 7 days were taken in this randomized controlled trial study. Group A (honey dressing) contains 31 cases in which honey dressing was appled daily and group B (povidine pyodine dressing) containing 31 cases in which povidine pyodine dressing was applied. In both groups, dressing was applied and each patient was followed till 3 weeks for efficacy. Results; Our study comprised of a 62 study cases meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria of our study. Mean age of our study cases was 29.48 ± 3.51 years (with minimum age was 22 years while maximum age was 35 years). Mean duration of wound was 14.06 ± 4.73 (with minimum duration was 8 days while maximum duration was noted to be 24 days). Mean size of wound was noted to be 10.60 ± 2.23 centimeters. BMI was in normal range in 54 (87.1%) of our study cases while obesity was seen in 8 (12.9%) of our study cases. History of diabetes was seen in 17 (27.4%) of our study cases. Efficacy was noted in 24 (38.77%) of our study cases. Both groups were compared in terms of efficacy and efficacy in group A was noted to be 61.3% while in group B only 16.1%. Conclusion; Our study results have indicated that the efficacy of honey dressing is significantly higher compared to povidine pyodine dressing in post-cesarean infected wound healing. Post cesarean surgical site infections have major economic impact and our study results recommend the use of honey dressing as it is safe, reliable, associated with short hospital stay and cost effective for these suffering families. Keywords; Wound Infection, cesarean section, honey dressing

SISTEM INFORMASI TUGAS AKHIR BERBASIS WEB DI FAKULTAS ILMU KOMPUTER BERBASIS WEB

ABSTRAK            Tugas akhir merupakan salah satu syarat yang harus diselesaikan setiap mahasiswa untuk mengakhiri masa studinya di perguruan tinggi. Tidak terkecuali di Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Almuslim Bireuen. Namun saat ini semua prosedur yang dijalankan masih dengan sistem manual. Sehingga adanya kesulitan bagi setiap mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan tugas akhir. Dalam karya ilmiah ini akan dibuat sebuah sistem informasi tugas akhir berbasis web, yang merupakan langkah tepat sehingga semua prosedur penyusunan tugas akhir dilakukan dengan cepat, mudah, efektif dan efisien. Sistem dibangun dengan menggunakan pemograman PHP dan database MySQL. Sistem informasi ini memberikan manfaat bagi proses penyususnan Tugas Akhir karena mahasiswa dapat mengajukan judul tugas akhir, mengajukan dosen pembimbing TA,  melihat jadwal seminar dan melihat judul – judul yang sudah pernah diajukan pada tahun sebelumnya.Kata kunci : Sistem Informasi, Tugas Akhir, Web, PHP, MySQ

Association of anti C1q and ds-DNA levels with the pathogenesis of Lupus Nephritis among SLE patients

Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is the most common and serious complication associated with SLE and it results in significant morbidity and mortality. It is known by several studies that patients of LN have higher levels of anti-dsDNA and anti-C1q compared with SLE patients without renal involvement. The current study was designed to determine and compare the level of anti-dsDNA and anti-C1q in patients of SLE with and without lupus nephritis in the Pakistani population. This current study was also aimed at providing proof that anti-C1q levels are more prominent in LN/non-LN SLE as compared to anti-dsDNA. This project may help in the determination of results in Pakistan and contribute to the further confirmation of the sensitivity of anti-C1q.Method: The patient samples were collected from Sheikh Zayed hospital, Lahore. These patients were clinically diagnosed by the Rheumatologists as SLE and LN positive on the basis of ACR and SLEDAI scoring criteria. This study was performed and samples were analyzed in the Department of Medical and Laboratory Sciences, Imperial College of Business Study, Lahore on the patient’s serum by ELISA technique.Result: About 38% (12) patients with LN were positive for anti-dsDNA and 31% (9) SLE patients without LN were positive whereas about 38.7% (12) were anti-dsDNA negative in LN cases and 58.6% (17) in SLE without LN. In case of anti-C1q 100% (31) of these LN patients were positive and 93.1% (27) patients SLE without LN showed positive anti C1q results. Only 6.9% (2) patients showed negative results for anti-C1q in LN negative patientsConclusion: The higher levels of anti-C1q suggest that it may be a better diagnostic marker for LN than that of anti-dsDNA and that it can be helpful in the prognosis of SLE patients

Histopathological Assessment of Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Resection Specimens and its Correlation with Tumor Size and Grade

OBJECTIVES To determine the histopathological assessment of microvascular invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Resection Specimens and its correlation with tumour size and grade. METHODOLOGY This retrospective cross-sectional study included the biopsy-proven Hepatocellular (HCC) case with microvascular invasion (MVI) noted in the resected specimens evaluated by two independent consultants Histopathologists. The exclusion criteria were; all patients below 18 years, unfixed autolyzed samples, and incomplete requisition-filled forms. Numerical data, i.e., patient age and tumour size, are presented as mean with standard deviation. Categorical variables, i.e., tumour size, grade, and presence or absence of MVI, were submitted as numbers with percentages. Continuous variables, i.e., tumour size and differentiation grade, were assessed using the Chi-square test. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTSMost patients, 34.4%, fall into the age group of 47-70. Most patients were males, 63.6%, and microvascular invasion was noted in 49.09% of cases. Most cases were of moderate to poorly differentiated tumours, 80.0%. MVI was statistically significant with the grade of the tumour. CONCLUSION Microvascular invasion is an important prognostic marker noted in a surgical resection specimen. Although the exact definition and risk stratification is unclear, survival studies have proven that MVI is associated with poor outcomes

The Etiological Spectrum OF Short Stature among Children Attending Endocrine Clinic at Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: One of the most frequent reasons for referral to pediatric endocrinology units is short stature. Children’s short height has a complicated etiology that includes genetics, race, gender, nutrition, and several endocrine hormones. Objective: To determine the etiological spectrum of short stature among children presenting to endocrinology outpatient clinics in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in the outpatient clinic of the Endocrinology Department at the National Institute of Child Health Hospital from September to December 2022. Short stature was defined as height for age <-2 standard deviations for the corresponding age and gender according to World Health Organization growth charts. 263 children were enrolled in the study. Detailed history and panel investigation for short stature were mediated for each child. Results: A total of 263 patients were enrolled in the study having a median age of 8 (IQR=6-9) years and the majority were females (53.2%). The median SD of height and current weight was -3.48 (IQR= -4.3 - -2.83) and -2.8 (IQR= -3.59 - -2.17) respectively. The most frequently seen classification of short stature was the normal variant (68.1%) followed by endocrine disorders (19.8%), dysmorphic syndrome (9.9%), and chronic disease (2.3%). The most common cause of short stature was familial short stature (47.9%) followed by growth hormone deficiency (18.3%), constitutional short stature (9.1%), Turner syndrome (9.1%), both familial and constitutional SS (8%), idiopathic short stature (3%), celiac disease (2.3%), Cushing syndrome (n=2, 0.8%), panhypopituitarism (0.8%) and Seckel syndrome (0.8%). Conclusion: This study analyzed that the majority of short stature are normal variants. However, findings of endocrine disorders, dysmorphic disorders, and chronic disease suggest timely screening and detection of short stature to avoid serious consequences of silent underlying diseases

A mixed-methods approach to understanding barriers and facilitators to healthy eating and exercise from five European countries: highlighting the roles of enjoyment, emotion and social engagement

Healthy adults are consistently falling below national and international recommendations for physical activity and dietary intake across Europe. This study took a co-creative approach with adult samples from five European countries to qualitatively and quantitatively establish motivators, barriers and sustaining factors for positive health behaviour change. Stage 1 delivered a newly-designed online programme, creating a community who identified challenges, motivators and solutions to sustaining positive healthy eating and physical activity behaviours. Stage 2 administered an online survey (developed from Stage 1 findings) to a larger sample to quantify the relative importance of these motivators and barriers. Results from both stages indicated enjoyment, positive emotions, and reward as key motivators for both behaviours across all five countries. Barriers included habit-breaking difficulties, temptation and negative affective states. Those with a high BMI placed more importance on social pressure than those with healthy BMI. Participants’ reports of motivators and barriers reflected relevant approaches from consumer science, behavioural economics, and psychology. Interventions supporting adults who are not chronically ill but would benefit from improved diet and/or physical activity should not focus exclusively on health as a motivating factor. Emphasis on enjoyable behaviours, social engagement and reward will likely improve engagement and sustained behaviour change

Lineage-specific distribution of high levels of genomic 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in mammalian development

Methylation of cytosine is a DNA modification associated with gene repression. Recently, a novel cytosine modification, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has been discovered. Here we examine 5-hmC distribution during mammalian development and in cellular systems, and show that the developmental dynamics of 5-hmC are different from those of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC); in particular 5-hmC is enriched in embryonic contexts compared to adult tissues. A detectable 5-hmC signal appears in pre-implantation development starting at the zygote stage, where the paternal genome is subjected to a genome-wide hydroxylation of 5-mC, which precisely coincides with the loss of the 5-mC signal in the paternal pronucleus. Levels of 5-hmC are high in cells of the inner cell mass in blastocysts, and the modification colocalises with nestin-expressing cell populations in mouse post-implantation embryos. Compared to other adult mammalian organs, 5-hmC is strongly enriched in bone marrow and brain, wherein high 5-hmC content is a feature of both neuronal progenitors and post-mitotic neurons. We show that high levels of 5-hmC are not only present in mouse and human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and lost during differentiation, as has been reported previously, but also reappear during the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells; thus 5-hmC enrichment correlates with a pluripotent cell state. Our findings suggest that apart from the cells of neuronal lineages, high levels of genomic 5-hmC are an epigenetic feature of embryonic cell populations and cellular pluri- and multi-lineage potency. To our knowledge, 5-hmC represents the first epigenetic modification of DNA discovered whose enrichment is so cell-type specific

APLIKASI SISTEM PAKAR SELF MEDICATION DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE CERTAINTY FAKTOR BERBASIS ANDROID

Abstark-Penyakit merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian manusia.Masih banyak masyarakat yang kurang memahami bagaimana menjaga kesehatan.Pencegahan penyakit dapat dilakukan sejak dini, dengan diawali pendeteksian dan lebih mengenali dari perbedaan gejala-gejala penyakit umum.Salah satu teknik dalam mendiagnosa penyakit umum/ringan ini adalah dengan menggunakan sistem pakar, dimana sistem pakar ini dapat mendiagnosa penyakit umum/ ringan dengan meniru kinerja ahli/pakar.Sistem pakar ini menggunakan metode certainty factor yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan nilai kepercayaan atau nilai akurasi dari hasil diagnosa.Perkembangan teknologi pada saat ini semakin canggih beredar dipasaran sehingga dapat membantu kegiatan sehari-hari. Salah satu contoh media komunikasi internet,dan telekomunikasi yang dapat melakukan berbagai teknik salah satunya system pakar.Penelitian ini bertujuan utuk merancang suatu aplikasi system pakar self Medication pada perangkat android. Kata Kunci– Sistem Pakar, Self Medication,Certainty Factor, Androi