224 research outputs found
"Star coverage": a simple tool to schedule an observation when FOV rotation matters
During a tracking mode observation, every telescope with an alt-azimuthal
mount shows a rotation in the field of view (FoV) due to the diurnal motion of
the Earth. The angular extension of the rotation depends mainly on the time
length of the observation, but also on the telescope's latitude and pointing,
because it is determined by the evolution of the parallactic angle of the
target, which is a function of those two parameters. In many cases, the
rotation of the FoV can be exploited to assess some optomechanical properties
of the telescope, e.g. the alignment of the optical elements or the motors'
precision during the tracking. As a consequence, it could happen that a proper
simulation of the FoV rotation is crucial to program an observation aiming at
calibrating the whole system. We present a tool to simulate the apparent
rotation of the FoV, calculating the actual "star coverage" exploitable for
scientific goals. Given the FoV and the pointing direction, the software
calculates the angular extension of the rotation, considering only the stars
observable by the telescope below the magnitude limit. This tool will be
adopted to schedule the pointing calibration runs of the innovative ASTRI-Horn
Cherenkov telescope, developed by INAF for gamma-ray ground-based astronomy,
but with the potentiality to produce sky images as an ancillary output, using
the so-called Variance method. By exploiting the FoV rotation with the Variance
method, the critical assessment of the camera axis can be successfully
performed.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray
Conference (ICRC 2021), Berlin, German
Drilling and testing geothermal wells in an active volcanic domain, Puna geothermal field, Hawaii, USA
Thermal Power Company, Operator for the Puna Geothermal Venture which includes AMFAC and Dillingham, has drilled and tested two geothermal wells in the Puna Geothermal Field, Hawaii, USA. The field is located in the East Rift Zone of Kilauea which is one of the world’s most active volcanoes. The wells were drilled to a depth of 7,290 and 8,005 feet and completed with 9 5/8" production casing to 4,200 feet and 7" perforated liner extending to bottom.
A high temperature, 660°F plus, two-phase geothermal reservoir was encountered. Noncondensible gas concentration is only 0.2% by weight but contains 1,100 ppm H2S which must be abated to meet environmental concerns. Flow testing proved to be a complex affair. However, 100% steam production has been identified in both wells with the assistance of a separator.
These two wells, along with the U.S. Department of Energy/University of Hawaii HGP-A well which now generates 3 MW of electric power, have defined a 25 MW reserve capacity on the Puna Geothermal Venture leasehold. A third well with substantially improved casing design will be drilled by Thermal later in 1984 to refine plans for the wellfield and generating plant
Astro-photography as an effective tool for Outreach and Education: IACT in exposition
In our epoch, images are a powerful way to convey a message to a large
audience. Through the use of amazing astronomical photographs, science can be
communicated effectively at different levels, to a very diverse audience of all
ages. In fact, astrophotography combines aesthetic appeal with the illustration
of the science behind astronomical phenomena. This is the aim of the exhibit "A
che Punto \`e la NOTTE - A scientific exhibition of astrophotography" organized
by us in Italy, in October 2020, with the partnership of the cultural
association PhysicalPub. Many different authors, both single individuals and
professional or amateur observatories, were asked to send their best pictures.
The 54 astronomical images chosen by a scientific committee, categorised in
three different topics (night landscape, deep sky, instrumentation), were seen
by more than 2000 visitors and 11 school groups (despite the difficult period
due to the COVID pandemic). A free audio-guide, available on-line through a
web-application developed on purpose, delivered scientific explanations of
images for self-guided tours. Conferences and guided tours were also organized.
The highlight of the exhibit were four mirrors from the MAGIC telescope and an
ASTRI scale-model that allowed an in-depth description of how an Imaging
Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope (IACT) works, introducing the science of VHE
cosmic radiation. We will summarize the main difficulties in organizing this
event and the feedback we had from the visitors. The exhibit is still available
online, visiting the website mostrascientifica.it or via the web audio-guide
(english and italian) at guida.mostrascientifica.it.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray
Conference (ICRC 2021), Berlin, German
Effective pointing of the ASTRI-Horn telescope using the Cherenkov camera with the Variance method
Cherenkov telescope cameras are not suitable to perform astrometrical
pointing calibration since they are not designed to produce images of the sky,
but rather to detect nanosecond atmospheric flashes due to very high-energy
cosmic radiation. Indeed, these instruments show only a moderate angular
resolution (fractions of degrees) and are almost blind to the steady or
slow-varying optical signal of starlight. For this reason, auxiliary optical
instruments are typically adopted to calibrate the telescope pointing. However,
secondary instruments are possible sources of systematic errors. Furthermore,
the Cherenkov camera is the only one framing exactly the portion of the sky
under study, and hence its exploitation for pointing calibration purposes would
be desirable. In this contribution, we present a procedure to assess the
pointing accuracy of the ASTRI-Horn telescope by means of its innovative
Cherenkov camera. This instrument is endowed with a statistical method, the
so-called Variance method, implemented in the logic board and able to provide
images of the night sky background light as ancillary output. Taking into
account the convolution between the optical point spread function and the pixel
distribution, Variance images can be used to evaluate the position of stars
with sub-pixel precision. In addition, the rotation of the field of view during
observations can be exploited to verify the alignment of the Cherenkov camera
with the optical axis of the telescope, with a precision of a few arcminutes,
as upper limit. This information is essential to evaluate the effective
pointing of the telescope, enhancing the scientific accuracy of the system.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray
Conference (ICRC 2021), Berlin, German
Environmental Impact Study of Projects Affecting the Quality of Marine Ecosystems
According to the EEC Directive 85/337, an Environmental Impact Assessment (E.I.A.) procedure must be implemented to evaluate the effect of major projects on the environment. Several environmental activities are required by the E.I.A. procedure during various phases of the life cycle of the project, including construction, start up, operation and decommissioning. The Environmental Impact Study (E.I.S.) is a basic component of the E.I.A. procedure delivered by the engineering Company to the competent Authority for approval. Besides providing information needed for E.I.A., the E.I.S. also represents a tool for supporting decision as it defines project criteria, identifies mitigation measures and monitoring design. Owing to the complexity of the interactions among biotic and abiotic components, the application of E.I.S. to the marine environment generally implies an interdisciplinary and integrated approach.
Two typologies of E.I.S. recently developed are discussed and compared, concerning the construction of three submarine tunnels crossing the Strait of Messina and building of a Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) terminal for the liquid methane re-gasification at a coastal site of the Gulf of Trieste (Panzano Bay), North Adriatic Sea
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Acoustically enhanced remediation of contaminated soil and ground water
This program systematically evaluates the use of acoustic excitation fields (AEFs) to increase fluid and contaminant extraction rates from a wide range of unconsolidated soils. Successful completion of this program will result in a commercially-viable, advanced in-situ remediation technology that will significantly reduce clean-up times and costs. This technology should have wide applicability since it is envisioned to augment existing remediation technologies, such as traditional pump and treat and soil vapor extraction, not replace them. The overall program has three phases: Phase 1--laboratory scale parametric investigation; Phase 2--technology scaling study; Phase 3--field demonstration. Phase 1 of the program, corresponding to this period of performance, has as its primary objectives to provide a laboratory-scale proof of concept, and to fully characterize the effects of AEFs on fluid and contaminant extraction rates in a wide variety of soil types. The laboratory measurements of the soil transport properties and process parameters will be used in a computer model of the enhanced remediation process. A Technology Merit and Trade Study will complete Phase 1
Improvement of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines pharmacokinetic properties: Nanosystem approaches for drug delivery
Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines are a class of compounds with a good activity against several cancer cell lines. Despite the promising anticancer activity, these molecules showed a poor aqueous solubility. This issue could threat the future development of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as clinical drug candidates. With the aim of improving their solubility profile and consequently their pharmacokinetic properties, we have chosen four compounds (1-4) on the base of their anti-neuroblastoma activity and we have developed albumin nanoparticles and liposomes for the selected candidates. Albumin nanoparticles and liposomes were prepared and characterized regarding size and ? -potential distribution, polidispersity index, entrapment efficiency and activity against SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line. The most promising nanosystem, namely LP-2, was chosen to perform further studies: confocal microscopy, stability and drug release in physiological conditions, and biodistribution. Altogether, the obtained data strongly indicate that the encapsulation of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines in liposomes represent an effective method to overcome the poor water solubility
Unregulated Custody Transfers: Why the Practice of Rehoming Should Be Considered a Form of Illegal Adoption and Human Trafficking
In this work, the authors prepared and characterized two different graphene oxides: one chemically synthesized (GO sample) and
the other one electrochemically synthesized (GO(LiCl)). Both samples were fully characterized with atomic force microscopy (AFM),
Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS), thermal analysis
(TG/DTA), and Z-potential. The antibacterial properties of both graphene oxides were studied using Gram-negative Escherichia
coli ATCC 25922 and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 by spectrophotometer and viable cell count as indirect
and direct methods, respectively. Results demonstrated that the GO(LiCl) exhibited a significant antibacterial activity compared to
GO that showed a bacteriostatic effect on both pathogens. Electron microscopy analysis confirmed the antibacterial effects of both
graphene oxides toward the pathogens, especially working at 80 μg/mL, for 24 h. Additional studies were also performed and both
GO samples were not cytotoxic at 2 μg/mL toward neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, 2 μg of GO was suitable to carry the minimum
effective dose (5.74 ng/mL) of kinase inhibitor S29 (1-(2-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl)-N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]
pyrimidin-4-amine), providing negligible side effects related to the S29 treatment (this latter being specifically active on the
neuroblastoma cell lines (SK-N-BE(2)))
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